非相对论下均匀斜交电磁场中正电荷的运动状况分析  

Motion analysis of positive charge in uniform obliquely intersecting electromagnetic field under non-relativity

作　　者：邵云 徐诗烨 SHAO Yun;XU Shi-ye(School of Electronic Engineering,Nanjing Xiaozhuang College,Nanjing,Jiangsu 211171,China)

机构地区：[1]南京晓庄学院电子工程学院,江苏南京211171

出　　处：《大学物理》2021年第3期12-18,共7页College Physics

基　　金：江苏省教育科学“十三五”规划课题(D/2020/01/55);2020年江苏省大学生创新训练项目(202011460033Y)资助。

摘　　要：文章对非相对论下均匀斜交电磁场中的正电荷+q进行了动力学矢量分析,将其运动分解为沿磁场方向的匀加速直线运动、垂直于电、磁场方向的匀速直线运动和垂直于磁场方向的匀速率圆周运动,进而推理出电荷完整的运动学方程;然后将运动学方程进行“约化”和简化,作出不同初速度下电荷在xy平面内的投影运动轨迹并加以分析,指出轨迹的若干特点及其内在的原因;举例作出电荷的空间轨迹图并指出其中蕴含的共性;对均匀正交电磁场情形下的3种特殊情况进行了讨论.此外,文末还指出本文解法的核心思想是参考系的切换.In this paper, the dynamic vector analysis of the positive charge +q in uniform obliquely intersecting electromagnetic field under non relativity is carried out, and the charge’s motion is decomposed into: 1) uniformly accelerated linear motion along the direction of magnetic field;2) uniform linear motion perpendicular to the direction of electric and magnetic field;3) circular motion with uniform rate perpendicular to the direction of magnetic field. Therefore the complete kinematics equations of electric charge are deduced. Then, the kinematics equations are reduced and simplified, and the projection trajectories of charge in the xy plane under different initial velocities are made and analyzed, of which characteristics and internal reasons are pointed out. An example is given to illustrate the space trajectory of electric charge, and the commonness of it is pointed out. Three special cases of uniform orthogonal electromagnetic field are discussed. In addition, it is pointed out at the end of the paper that the core idea of the method in this paper is the switching of reference frame.

关 键 词：电荷 磁场 轨迹 xy平面 电磁场 

分 类 号：O441.4[理学—电磁学]