宽幅播种条件下行距对小麦产量及干物质积累和转运的影响  

Effects of Row Spacing on Wheat Yield and Dry Matter Accumulation and Transport under Wide Planting

作　　者：吕鹏 吕广德 鞠正春 高瑞杰 钱兆国[2] 庞慧 吴科[2] 韩伟 Lü Peng;Lü Guangde;JU Zhengchun;GAO Ruijie;QIAN Zhaoguo;PANG Hui;WU Ke;HAN Wei(Shandong Agricultural Technology Extending Station,Jinan,Shandong 250100,China;Tai’an Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Tai’an,Shandong 27100,China;Tai’an Wenliang Crop Cooperatives,Tai’an,Shandong 27100,China)

机构地区：[1]山东省农业技术推广总站,山东济南250100 [2]泰安市农业科学研究院,山东泰安271000 [3]泰安市汶粮农作物专业合作社,山东泰安271000

出　　处：《麦类作物学报》2021年第2期232-237,共6页Journal of Triticeae Crops

基　　金：山东省现代农业产业技术体系小麦创新团队栽培与土壤肥料岗位课题(SDAIT-01-08)。

摘　　要：为了确定小麦宽幅播种的适宜行距,在高产地块以高产小麦品种泰农18为材料,设置20 cm、25 cm、30 cm三个行距处理,研究了宽幅播种条件下行距对小麦产量、群体动态、干物质积累与分配的影响。结果表明,相同行距下,宽幅播种的小麦产量较常规条播提高11.0%。在宽幅播种条件下,行距过大时小麦群体数量较小,成穗不足,干物质积累减少,产量降低;缩小行距可提高群体数量和干物质积累;但行距过小时穗粒数、千粒重下降,群体边际效应减弱,产量降低;适宜行距可协调产量构成因素,提高群体在花后维持较高光合能力,提高花后干物质同化量和对籽粒的贡献度。在本试验的条件下,泰农18以宽幅播种、行距25 cm、播量120 kg·hm-2为宜。Effects of row spacing on grain yield,dynamics of population and dry matter accumulation and transport of winter wheat were studied under high-yield field conditions.A high-yield wheat cultivar Tainong 18 was selected as the experimental material and three kinds of row spacing(20 cm,25 cm and 30 cm)under wide planting were set up.The results showed that compared with conventional planting,the grain yield by wide planting was increased by 11.0%.Under the same sowing width and rate,too large row spacing resulted in less population,spike number,dry matter and grain yield.Too small row spacing resulted in less grain number per spike,grain weight,marginal effect and grain yield.Suitable row spacing coordinated yield components,improved the photosynthetic capacity and increased the amount of dry matter accumulated after anthesis.The dry matter accumulated after anthesis contributed more to grain under suitable row spacing.In conclusion,under this field experiment conditions,suitable row of Tainong 18 was 25 cm by wide planting with sowing rate of 120 kg·hm-2.

关 键 词：小麦 宽幅播种 行距 产量 干物质 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学] S311[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术]