非正式制度的层次和作用——基于农地制度变迁的动态演化博弈模型  

The Level and Role of Informal Constraints—A Dynamic Evolutionary Game Model based on Farmland Institutional Change

作　　者：孙丹 韩松[2] 江丽[1] SUN Dan;HAN Song;JIANG Li(School of Public Administration and Policy,Renmin University of China,Beijing 100872,China;School of Economics,Renmin University of China,Beijing 100872,China)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学公共管理学院,北京100872 [2]中国人民大学经济学院,北京100872

出　　处：《北京理工大学学报（社会科学版）》2021年第2期56-68,共13页Journal of Beijing Institute of Technology：Social Sciences Edition

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目“中国农村土地制度变迁中的正式规则:制定、实施及演进”(71673286);中国人民大学“统筹推进世界一流大学和一流学科建设”专项经费。

摘　　要：非正式制度是影响农地制度变迁的重要因素。农地制度变迁中的非正式制度可以划分为价值观念层→习惯习俗惯例层→村规民约层三个层次。研究发现:在其他条件不变时,非正式制度的层次越高,其规范性和约束力越强,个体行为的不确定性越低,制度运行的成本就越低。当非正式制度所导致的制度成本小于正式制度所带来的制度收益时,会发生有效制度变迁,否则相反。进一步地,非正式制度与正式制度互相抵抗、冲突又彼此约束、补充,共同决定制度变迁的演变路径和均衡状态。非正式制度主要影响制度变迁的速度,非正式制度的层次越高,制度变迁达至稳定状态的速度就越快。由此,政府除了积极引导农民价值观念以及尊重和维护对改革有正向作用的习惯习俗惯例外,还可将村规民约作为改革的重要抓手。Informal institutions are an important factor that affect the change of agricultural land system. The informal institutions in the change of agricultural land system can be divided into three levels: the values level, the usage-custom-convention level, the village regulations and agreements level.The study found that: when other conditions remain unchanged, the higher the level of informal institutions, the stronger their normalization and binding force, the lower the uncertainty of individual behaviors, and the lower the cost of system operation. When the institutional costs caused by informal institutions are less than the institutional benefits brought by formal institutions, effective institutional changes will occur, and vice versa.It is further found that informal institutions and formal institutions resist each other, conflict, constrain and supplement each other, and jointly determine the evolution path and equilibrium state of institutional change. Informal institutions mainly affect the speed of institutional change. The higher the level of informal institutions, the faster the institutional change will reach the stable state.Therefore, in addition to actively guiding farmers’ values and respecting and maintaining the habits and customs that play a positive role in the reform, the government can also take village rules and conventions as an important starting point for the reform.

关 键 词：农地制度 农地制度变迁 非正式制度 演化博弈 

分 类 号：F301.1[经济管理—产业经济]