采收时期和干燥方式对新乡红花品质的影响  

Effects of harvest time and drying method on the quality of Xinxiang Carthamus tinctorius L.

作　　者：胡喜巧[1,2] 杨文平 陈红芝[1] 路瑶瑶[1] 邬佩宏 孟丽 HU Xiqiao;YANG Wenping;CHEN Hongzhi;LU Yaoyao;WU Peihong;MENG Li(College of Life Science and Technology,Henan Institute of Science and Technology,Xinxiang 453003,China;Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Biological Breeding of Henan Province,Xinxiang 453003,China)

机构地区：[1]河南科技学院生命科技学院,河南新乡453003 [2]河南省现代生物育种协同创新中心,河南新乡453003

出　　处：《河南科技学院学报（自然科学版）》2021年第1期19-23,共5页Journal of Henan Institute of Science and Technology(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：2018年中医药公共卫生服务补助专项(财社〔2017〕183号);2019年医疗服务与保障能力提升补助资金(财社〔2019〕39号);河南省科技攻关项目(202102110180)。

摘　　要：为了更好指导新乡红花大田生产,提高红花品质,探讨红花最佳采收期和干燥方式,以SD-1和BH-1为试验材料,以花蕾期红花开放程度、盛花期同一天不同采摘时间和花的不同干燥方式为研究对象,检测红花有效成分黄酮、羟基红花黄色素A、多糖含量变化.结果表明:不同采收时期对红花有效成分影响较大,红花黄酮含量变化为:盛花期>衰落期>始花期;羟基红花黄色素A和多糖含量变化均为:盛花期>始花期>衰落期.盛花期以6:00-8:00、8:00-10:00、16:00-18:00采收,花中黄酮、羟基红花黄色素A含量相对较高,以8:00-10:00、16:00-18:00采收,多糖含量相对较高;阴干处理花中黄酮、羟基红花黄色素A、多糖含量最高,其次为40℃烘干,红花黄酮、羟基红花黄色素A、多糖含量随烘干温度的升高均呈下降趋势,晒干严重影响红花有效成分含量.因此,新乡红花最佳采收时期为盛花期6:00-10:00或16:00-18:00,干燥方式以阴干或40℃烘干为宜.The best harvest time and drying method of Carthamus tinctorius L.were studied in order to better guide the field production of Carthamus tinctorius L.in Xinxiang and improve the quality of Carthamus tinctorius L,The contents of flavonoids,HYSA and polysaccharide of Carthamus tinctorius L.were detected by using different drying methods and opening degree of Carthamus tinctorius L.in bud stage,different picking time and different drying methods on the same day at full flowering stage.The results showed that there were significant differences in the effective components of Carthamus tinctorius L.in different harvest time.The change of flavonoids content of Carthamus tinctorius L.was:full bloom period>decline period>initial bloom period.The changes of HYSA and polysaccharide were:full bloom period>initial bloom period>decline period.The content of flavonoids and HYSA of Carthamus tinctorius L.was relatively high from 6:00 to 8:00,from 8:00 to 10:00,from 16:00 to 18:00,but content of polysaccharide was relatively high from 8:00 to 10:00 and from 16:00 to 18:00,The content of flavonoids,HYSA and polysaccharides was the highest in the shade dry treatment,followed by drying at 40℃,the content of flavonoids,HYSA and polysaccharides decreased with the increase of drying temperature,and the content of effective components was affected seriously by drying.Therefore,the best harvest time for Carthamus tinctorius L.was from 6:00 to 10:00 or from 16:00 to 18:00 at full bloom period,the best drying method was to dry in the shade or drying at 40℃.

关 键 词：红花 采收时期 干燥方式 黄酮 羟基红花黄色素A 多糖 

分 类 号：S567.2[农业科学—中草药栽培] R284.1[农业科学—作物学]