高水平放射性废物固化用磷酸盐玻璃的研究进展  

Research Progress on the Vitrification of High Level Radioactive Wastes in Phosphate Glassy Matrices

作　　者：李秀英 肖卓豪 陶歆月 汪永清 杨柯 石纪军 邓波 LI Xiuying;XIAO Zhuohao;TAO Xinyue;WANG Yongqing;YANG Ke;SHI Jijun;DENG Bo(School of Material Science and Engineering,Jingdezhen Ceramic Institute,Jingdezhen 333403,China)

机构地区：[1]景德镇陶瓷大学材料科学与工程学院,景德镇333403

出　　处：《材料导报》2021年第5期5032-5039,共8页Materials Reports

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51962013,51762023);国家重点研发计划(2018YFC1903406);江西省自然科学基金/重点研发计划(20202BABL204020,20192ACB20018,20192ACB80007,20192BBEL50020,20201BBE51011);景德镇市科技计划(20192GYZD008-34)。

摘　　要：高水平放射性废物的玻璃固化是利用化学稳定性、热稳定性和抗辐照稳定性好且废物包容量高的玻璃基质来将其固化,从而实现高放废物的长期、高效、安全处置。磷酸盐玻璃具有熔融温度低、熔体流动性好、均化时间短、对一些放射性废物的溶解度高等优点,可弥补已工业化应用的硼硅酸盐玻璃固化基质的不足,用于这些高放废物的安全固化。本文综述了磷酸盐玻璃基质在高放废物固化方面的研究进展。主要论述了磷酸盐玻璃用于固化高放废物的优势与不足;总结了目前已用于或可用于安全固化高放废物的磷酸盐玻璃基质;归纳了模拟高放废物磷酸盐玻璃固化体的组成、制备及性能;展望了未来研究的发展方向。Long-term,efficient and safe immobilization of high level radioactive wastes(HLWs)can be achieved by vitrifying them in glassy matrices to prepare waste forms with high loadings,chemical durability,thermal stability and radiation resistance stability.Phosphate glasses are chosen as matrices to vitrify some HLWs due to their low melting temperatures,excellent melt fluidity,short melt time and high loadings.It can make up for the shortages of widely used borosilicate glasses during the immobilization process of some HLWs.Research progress on the vitrification of some HLWs in phosphate glassy matrices is reviewed in the present paper.Phosphate glassy matrices that have been currently used or have the potential to be used in the vitrification of HLWs are listed and their distinct advantages and disadvantages are clarified.Moreover,the compositions,preparation and properties of phosphate glassy waste forms are summarized.Future researches are proposed at the end of this paper.

关 键 词：磷酸盐玻璃 高放废物 玻璃固化 废物包容量 稳定性 

分 类 号：TQ174.75[化学工程—陶瓷工业]