二维材料MXenes在传感领域的应用研究进展  

Recent Progress of Two-dimensional MXenes in the Field of Sensing

作　　者：任书芳 冯润妍 程寿年 曾俊菱 宫雪 王庆涛[2] REN Shufang;FENG Runyan;CHENG Shounian;ZENG Junling;GONG Xue;WANG Qingtao(Key Laboratory of Evidence Science Research and Application of Gansu Province,Judicial Expertise Center,Gansu University of Political Science and Law,Lanzhou 730070,China;College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Northwest Normal University,Lanzhou 730070,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃政法大学司法鉴定中心,甘肃省证据科学技术研究与应用重点实验室,兰州730070 [2]西北师范大学化学化工学院,兰州730070

出　　处：《材料导报》2021年第5期5075-5088,共14页Materials Reports

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(21865032);甘肃省自然科学基金(20JR5RA173);甘肃省高等学校创新基金项目(2020A-088);甘肃政法大学司法鉴定中心科研项目(jdzxzd2018-02)。

摘　　要：二维(2D)材料MXenes独特的结构、组成和物理化学特性,使其成为继石墨烯之后2D材料研究领域又一种“明星”材料。MXenes的应用范围从机械、光学、电子、储能等领域扩展到生物医学、环境保护等。这主要是由于其具有大比表面积、高导电性、丰富的表面功能基团、良好的生物相容性,以及可利用各种聚合物或纳米颗粒进行表面功能化,使其有望应用于精准的生物传感、有毒气体和液体污染物传感监测平台。目前,MXenes材料在传感领域的研究主要集中于电流型生物传感、生物/气体电阻传感和压电传感等。在生物电化学传感中,MXenes材料主要用作蛋白质、生物酶、生物发光材料等的固定化基质,以利用其大比表面积、高导电性的特性,提高电子传质效率和速率,从而达到提高传感灵敏度、降低检测限的目的;生物/气体电阻传感是基于MXenes材料对外来吸附分子(生物分子或气体分子)造成的电导率扰动的灵敏性反映,而MXenes材料对外来生物分子或气体分子的吸附是基于其丰富的功能基团(主要为-OH、-F、-O、-Cl等)与这些分子之间的相互作用;压电传感方面的研究主要集中于便携式或可穿戴式压电传感器,MXenes受应力作用,其层间距发生变化,导致其电导率发生变化而产生电信号。可见,在传感器的应用中,人们利用的是MXenes材料的大比表面积和导电性以及表面功能基团。但是,MXenes材料的导电性受表面功能基团的影响,这些基团在一定程度上会降低MXenes的导电性,甚至某些基团使其变为半导体,这不利于传感器高导电性的要求。事实上,功能基团和高电导率是一对矛盾体,研究工作需要在两者之间寻找最佳平衡点。另外,不同的功能基团对不同元素类型的MXenes材料的导电性影响也存在差别。因此,研究者在研究利用进一步的功能化修饰电极(例如修饰贵金属纳米粒子、碳The unique structure,composition and physicochemical properties of the two-dimensional(2D)MXenes nanomaterials have made it another“star material”in the field of two-dimensional materials research besides graphene in the past decade.MXenes is currently expanding its applications from mechanical,optical,electronic,and energy storage to biomedical and environmental protection.This is mainly due to its large specific surface area,abundant termination groups,biocompatibility properties,and easy surface functionalization using various polymers or nanoparticles,making it ideal for precise biosensing and bioimaging,nano platform for monitoring toxic gases and liquid contaminants.At present,MXenes materials research in the field of sensors mainly focuses on current bioelectrochemical sensing,bio/gas resistance sensing and piezoresistive sensing.For example,MXenes materials are used as immobilized matrix for proteins,biological enzymes,and bioluminescent materials in bioelectrochemical sensing.The immobilized matrix is used to improve the transferring efficiency and rate of electron mass by utilizing its large specific surface area and high conductivity,so as to improve the sensing sensitivity and reduce the detection limit.Bio/gas resistance sensing is based on the sensitivity of MXenes materials to the conductivity of externally adsorbed molecules(biomolecules or gas molecules),while the adsorption of foreign biomolecules or gas molecules is based on the interaction of the termination functional group of MXenes and the molecules.The research on piezoresistive sensing is mainly focused on portable or a wearable piezoresistive sensor.MXenes is subjected to stress and its layer spacing changes,resulting in changes in its electrical conductivity and electrical signals.It can be seen that in the application of sensors,the large specific surface area and conductivity of the MXenes material and the surface termination functional group are important.However,the conductivity of MXenes depends on the surface termination group

关 键 词：MXenes 2D材料 电化学传感 电流型传感 电阻传感 生物相容性 

分 类 号：TB34[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]