聚碳酸酯耐溶剂性能研究进展  

Research Progress on Solvent Resistance of Polycarbonate

作　　者：邹在平 吴悦梅[1] 赵秀丽[2] ZOU Zaiping;WU Yuemei;ZHAO Xiuli(Applied Research Center of Advanced Composite Manufacturing Technology,Chengdu Aeronautic Polytechnic,Chengdu 610100,China;Institute of Chemical Materials,China Academy of Engineering Physics,Mianyang 621000,China)

机构地区：[1]成都航空职业技术学院,先进复合材料成型技术应用研究中心,成都610100 [2]中国工程物理研究院,化工材料研究所,绵阳621000

出　　处：《材料导报》2021年第5期5199-5205,共7页Materials Reports

基　　金：四川省教育厅自然科学重点项目(15ZA0342);成都航空职业技术学院校级自然科学研究项目(061838)。

摘　　要：聚碳酸酯(PC)是一种综合性能优异的通用工程塑料,具有较好的抗冲击性能、电气绝缘性能、透光性能、耐蠕变性和耐老化性等优点,目前已大量应用于汽车工业、航空航天、建筑建材、医疗卫生和家用电器等领域。然而,由于分子网络疏松且含有大量酯基,聚碳酸酯存在耐溶剂性差的缺点,特别是在有机溶剂和碱性溶液环境中,很容易发生溶胀和应力开裂,从而导致制品报废,阻碍了聚碳酸酯进一步快速发展。目前,针对聚碳酸酯耐溶剂性能较差的问题,学术界和工业界开展了广泛的研究。高分子材料的结构决定其性能,其耐溶剂性与材料内部结构密切相关,因此聚碳酸酯耐溶剂性能的提升可从材料结构着手,通过化学或物理共混改性得以实现。另外,从实际产品应用角度来讲,通过制品的表面处理或者涂渡层的应用,能够避免制品内部材料与敏感溶剂直接接触,从而降低聚碳酸酯溶剂应力开裂的风险。虽然目前相关研究卓有成效,但是对化学或者物理改性法的作用机理还缺乏系统性研究,表面处理法的成本、时效和材料后续加工仍存在一定的问题,聚碳酸酯耐溶剂性能的潜力还有望进一步挖掘。鉴于国内外很少有文章针对聚碳酸酯耐溶剂性能进行归纳综述,本文简介了聚碳酸酯耐溶剂性能的基本情况,并介绍了聚合物溶剂应力开裂的测试方法,接着从化学改性、物理共混和表面处理三个角度综述了提高聚碳酸酯及其制品耐溶剂性能的途径,最后结合国内外研究现状进行了总结与展望,指出物理共混法是目前制备耐溶剂聚碳酸酯最为可行有效的方法,未来还应进一步开展温度和紫外等外界环境因素与溶剂的协同老化研究。Polycarbonate(PC)is a kind of general engineering plastics with excellent comprehensive properties.It has good impact resistance,electrical insulation,light transmittance,creep resistance and aging resistance.At present,PC has been widely used in aviation and automobile industry,building materials,medical and health care,household appliances and other fields.However,due to the loose molecular network and a large number of ester groups,PC has the disadvantage of poor solvent resistance,especially in the environment of organic solvent and alkaline solution,it is easy to occur swelling and stress cracking,which leads to product scrapping and hinders the further rapid development of PC.At present,in view of the poor solvent resistance of PC,academia and industry have carried out extensive research.The structure of polymer material determines its performance,and its solvent resistance is closely related to the internal structure of the material.Therefore,the improvement of the solvent resistance of PC can be realized from the material structure through chemical or physical modification.In addition,from the perspective of practical product application,through the surface treatment of products or the application of transfer coating,it can avoid the direct contact between the internal materials of products and sensitive solvents,thus reducing the risk of PC solvent stress cracking.Although the relevant research has been fruitful,the mechanism of chemical or physical modification methods is still lack of systematic research.There are still some problems in the cost,aging and material subsequent processing of surface treatment methods.And the potential of solvent resistance of PC is expected to be further explored.In view of few articles at home and abroad to summarize the solvent resistance of PC,the basic situation of solvent resistance of PC is briefly introduced.And the test methods of environmental stress cracking of polymer are introduced,too.Then,the ways of improving solvent resistance of PC and its products are su

关 键 词：聚碳酸酯 耐溶剂性能 溶剂应力开裂 老化 

分 类 号：TB324[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]