高通量测序技术在转基因作物分子特征评价中的应用:机遇和挑战  

Application of high-throughput sequencing technology in evaluation of molecular characteristics of transgenic crops:opportunities and challenges

作　　者：赵圣博 罗军玲[1] 曾新华[1] 袁荣[1] 吴刚[1] 闫晓红[1] ZHAO Sheng-bo;LUO Jun-ling;ZENG Xin-hua;YUAN Rong;WU Gang;YAN Xiao-hong(Key Laboratory of Biology and Geneics Improvement of Oil Crops,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Oil Crops Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Wuhan 430062,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院油料作物研究所,农业农村部油料作物生物学与遗传育种重点实验室,农业农村部转基因植物环境安全监督检验测试中心,湖北武汉430062

出　　处：《中国油料作物学报》2021年第1期31-39,共9页Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(31671733);转基因生物新品种培育重大专项(2018ZX0801105B)。

摘　　要：转基因作物的分子特征为转基因的安全性评估和后续监测奠定了基础。由于靶点的特异性,以聚合酶链反应(PCR)为基础的传统分子特征鉴定方法不能全面检测外来基因的非预期插入、载体骨架残留及未知的转基因事件。更多新的育种技术产生的基因修饰作物也对传统分子特征鉴定方法提出了挑战。下一代测序技术,可以克服基于PCR的方法的某些局限性,提供快速、全面分子特征数据。本文综述了T-DNA整合的复杂机制,传统分子特征鉴定方法的局限性,高通量测序方法在转基因分子特征安全评价中的应用、遇到的挑战及应用策略,为转基因的安全评价工作提供借鉴。Molecular characterization lays a foundation for safety assessment and subsequent monitoring of transgenic plants.Due to the target-specific nature,conventional polymerase chain reaction(PCR)-based methods cannot comprehensively detect unintended gene insertions,let alone detect unknown GM events.More and more newly developed crops by new plant breeding technology challenged classical PCR-based methods.Next-generation sequencing is expected overcome these limitations,providing rapid and comprehensive molecular feature data.This article summarized complex mechanism of T-DNA integration,limitations of traditional molecular identification methods,and application of high-throughput sequencing methods in safety evaluation of genetically modified molecular characteristics.It also discussed challenges encountered and application strategies,which might provide alternatives for safety evaluation of genetic modification.

关 键 词：下一代测序技术 转基因作物 分子特征 安全评价 

分 类 号：Q78[生物学—分子生物学]