《电子商务法》规制电商平台“二选一”行为的不足与解决  

The Defi ciency and Solution of the E-Commerce Law's Regulation of"Choose One From Two"Behavior in E-Commerce Platform

作　　者：吴太轩 赵致远 Wu Taixuan;Zhao Zhiyuan

机构地区：[1]西南政法大学经济法学院 [2]西南政法大学中国市场经济法治研究中心

出　　处：《竞争政策研究》2021年第1期20-29,共10页Competition Policy Research

基　　金：2020年国家社科基金项目《互联网领域反不正当竞争执法疑难问题研究》(20BFX147);2020年重庆市研究生科研创新项目“互联网平台企业滥用杠杆优势的法律规制”(CYB20123)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：在滥用优势地位理论影响下制定的《电子商务法》第35条规制“二选一”行为存在以下不足:优势地位与滥用行为认定标准主观性较强,执法实践中法律适用混乱;个案合理分析模式超出基层执法部门能力范围,加重执法负担;过度干预与执法漏洞并存,架空《反垄断法》。根据附属限制理论,合法的电商平台“二选一”行为应提前征得商户明确同意,具有合法的主目标与效果,且“二选一”是实现该合法主目标与效果的合理必要方法。《电子商务法》与竞争法具有制度价值的同一性与实现机制的互补性。根据电商平台相对于商户具有天然优势的特点,《电子商务法》应摒弃优势地位要件,规定原则性的电商平台“二选一”行为禁止条款,要求合法“二选一”行为应提前征得商户同意并以行政处罚保障实施,未单独提示、说明的“二选一”格式条款视为未征得商户同意。借鉴垄断协议豁免条款,并增加概括性条款与要求合理必要方法的一般性条款,以明确电商平台“二选一”行为豁免的实质要件,增强《电子商务法》“二选一”条款的可预见性与可操作性。Under the influence of the theory of abuse of superior position,Article 35 of the"E-commerce Law"regulates"choose one from two"behavior,which has the following shortcomings:the identifi cation standard of superior position and abusive behavior is highly subjective,and the application of law is chaotic in law enforcement practice;the reasonable analysis mode of individual cases exceeds the capacity of the grassroots law enforcement department,which increases the law enforcement burden;excessive intervention and law enforcement loopholes coexist,bluffi ng the Anti-Monopoly Law.According to the theory of ancillary restriction,legitimate e-commerce platform’s"choose one from two"behavior should obtain the explicit consent of merchants in advance,and has a legitimate main goal and effect,and"choose one from two"is a reasonable and necessary method to achieve the legitimate main goal and actual effect.The E-Commerce law and the competition law have the same value and complementarity of realization mechanism.Because of the inherent superior position of e-commerce platform,The E-Commerce Law should abandon the elements of superior position,stipulated the principled prohibition clause of"choose one from two"behavior of e-commerce platforms,and require that the legal"choose one from two"behavior should be approved by the merchants in advance and implemented with administrative penalty.The"choose one from two"format clause that is not separately prompted or clearly explained shall be deemed to have not obtained the consent of the merchant.Learning from the exemption clauses of monopoly agreements,and adding general clauses that require reasonable and necessary methods,so as to clarify the essential elements of the exemption from the"choose one from two"behavior of e-commerce platforms,and enhance the predictability and operability of the"choose one from two"clause in the E-commerce law.

关 键 词：电商平台 “二选一” 滥用优势地位 电子商务法 垄断协议 

分 类 号：D922.294[政治法律—经济法学]