河北省规模肉鸭场粪污重金属和抗生素调查分析  

Investigation and analysis of heavy metals and antibiotics in manure from large-scale meat duck production in Hebei Province,China

作　　者：马金智 朱志平[1] 卢连水 张万钦[1] 薛鹏英 江旭东 MA Jin-zhi;ZHU Zhi-ping;LU Lian-shui;ZHANG Wan-qin;XUE Peng-ying;JIANG Xu-dong(Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China;Hebei Dongfeng Breeding Co.,Ltd,Cangzhou 062350,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所,北京100081 [2]河北东风养殖有限公司,河北沧州062350

出　　处：《农业环境科学学报》2021年第2期421-427,共7页Journal of Agro-Environment Science

基　　金：国家水禽产业技术体系(CARS-42-23)。

摘　　要：为探究河北地区典型规模化肉鸭养殖场粪污中重金属和抗生素排放特征,分别于2019年8月(夏季)和10月(秋季)定点监测8家规模化肉鸭养殖场饲料和粪污中的重金属;于2020年4月按养殖方式监测17家规模化肉鸭养殖场(包含地面养殖4家、垫料养殖5家、网上平养8家)的粪污样品中重金属与抗生素。结果表明:肉鸭饲料和粪污中重金属以Cu、Zn为主,含量分布呈现出Zn>Cu>Cr>Pb>As>Cd的特点,饲料与粪污中Zn呈极显著正相关(P<0.01)。依据德国腐熟堆肥限量标准,粪污中存在Cu、Zn、Cr超标。不同养殖模式下,肉鸭粪污中抗生素呈现出四环素类>喹诺酮类,磺胺类与大环内酯类未检测出,粪污中抗生素浓度呈现出地面养殖>网上平养>垫料养殖的特点。研究表明,垫料养殖是一种环境污染物排放较少的肉鸭养殖模式。In order to explore the characteristics of heavy metals and antibiotics in manure from large-scale meat duck production in Hebei Province,heavy metals in feed and manure of eight large-scale meat duck farms were monitored in August(summer)and October(au⁃tumn)2019,respectively.In April 2020,the heavy metals and antibiotics in manure samples were investigated from 17 large-scale duck farms with different breeding methods(4 breeding ground;5 litter breeding;and 8 rack breeding).The results showed that the heavy metals in meat duck feed and manure were mainly Cu and Zn,and the content showed Zn>Cu>Cr>Pb>As>Cd.There was a highly significant posi⁃tive correlation between Zn in feed and manure(P<0.01).The Cu,Zn,and Cr levels in manure exceeded the German Compost Limit Stan⁃dard.Under different breeding modes,the antibiotics in the meat duck manure showed tetracyclines>quinolones,whereas sulfa and macro⁃lides were not detected.The concentration of antibiotics in the manure showed ground breeding>rack breeding>litter breeding.Studies have shown that litter farming is a mode of meat duck farming that emits less environmental pollutants.

关 键 词：肉鸭饲料 肉鸭粪污 重金属 抗生素 规模化养殖场 

分 类 号：X713[环境科学与工程—环境工程]