渔业权的物权结构及其规范意涵  

The Real Right Structure of Fishery Rights and Its Normative Meaning

作　　者：韩英夫 HAN Ying-fu

机构地区：[1]辽宁大学法学院

出　　处：《北方法学》2021年第1期46-54,共9页Northern Legal Science

基　　金：2019年辽宁大学亚洲研究中心资助研究项目“中韩渔业资源保护法律制度比较研究”(Y201918);辽宁省社会科学规划基金“新时期自然资源统一确权登记改革的空间路径与立法规制研究”(L19CFX001)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：渔业权并非我国立法上明确规定的概念,其在司法实践中存在着差异化的救济规则。《民法典》物权编从"养殖的权利"和"捕捞的权利"两方面初步规定了渔业权的权利构成和私权属性。养殖权和捕捞权虽然均含有渔业因素,但在客体性质、权利效力、运行逻辑上具有显著差异。养殖权系主体通过对特定水域的现实支配以获得养殖物的权利,符合用益物权的基本特征。但为实现相关法律的体系化构造,养殖权应从渔业权中独立出来,归入海域使用权或土地承包经营权。从生存权保障及事实物权的法律确认角度,通过对物权支配性和客体特定性的宽松解释,宜将渔业权界定为渔民这一特定主体所享有的捕捞水生动植物并获得其所有权的法定物权。除渔业权渔业之外,渔民以外的其他主体经营渔业的权利均来源于授权许可。Fishery rights are not clearly defined in the legislation,and there are differentiated relief rules in judicial practice.The Civil Code property rights compilation preliminarily stipulates the right composition and private right attributes of fishery rights from two aspects:the right to aquaculture and the right to fish.Although both aquaculture right and fishing right contain fishery factors,there are significant differences in the nature of object,the effectiveness of the rights,and the operational logic.Breeding right is the subject of obtaining the right of aquaculture through the actual control of specific waters,which conforms to the basic characteristics of usufructuary rights.However,in order to realize the systematic structure of relevant laws,the right to aquaculture should be separated from the right to fishery and be included in the right to use sea areas or the right to contract land management.From the perspective of protection of subsistence rights and the legal confirmation of actual real rights,through a loose interpretation of the dominance and object specificity of real rights,it is advisable to define fishery rights as the legal property right to fish and obtain ownership of aquatic animals and plants enjoyed by the specific subject of fishermen.Except for fishery rights,the rights of entities other than fishermen to operate fishery should all derive from licensing.

关 键 词：渔业权 养殖权 捕捞权 渔业许可 物权结构 

分 类 号：DF521[政治法律—民商法学]