《刑法》第149条第1款的性质及其适用——兼论刑法中的“以假充真型”伪劣产品  

The Nature and Application of Article 149(1)of the Criminal Law——Also on the shoddy and inferior products that fake imitates as real in the Criminal Law

作　　者：王刚 WANG Gang

机构地区：[1]南京审计大学法学院

出　　处：《北方法学》2021年第1期66-76,共11页Northern Legal Science

摘　　要：在形式逻辑上,《刑法》第149条第1款具有注意规定和法律拟制的双重性质。但从犯罪属性和犯罪构成层面进行实质分析,《刑法》第149条第1款应当是注意规定。将《刑法》第149条第1款定性为法律拟制,违反《刑法》第3条前段的规定,与《刑法》第140条规定的犯罪构成不符。基于《刑法》第149条第1款注意规定的性质,援引该款并适用《刑法》第140条应当具备两个条件:一是涉案对象是《刑法》第142—143条、第145—148条规定的伪劣商品,二是涉案对象又属于《刑法》第140条和司法解释规定的伪劣产品。因此,"依照本节第一百四十条的规定定罪处罚"是"可以型"规范,而不是"应当型"规范。In terms of formal logic,Article 149(1)of the Criminal Law has the dual nature of provision of attention and legal fiction.However,Article 149(1)of the Criminal Law should be defined as provision of attention from substantive analysis of the nature and the composition of the crime.Defined as legal fiction would violate the first paragraph of Article 3 of the Criminal Law and is inconsistent with the constitution of the crime stipulated in Article 140 of the Criminal Law.Based on the nature of provision of attention of Article 149(1)of the Criminal Law,two conditions should be met for invoking this paragraph and applying Article 140 of the Criminal Law:first is the object of the case should be the special shoddy products stipulated in Articles 142-143 and 145-148 of the Criminal Law,and second is the object of the case is also the shoddy products stipulated in Article 140 of the Criminal Law and relevant judicial interpretation.Therefore,the conviction and punishment according to the provisions of Article 140 of this section is a"can-type"norm rather than a"should-type"norm.

关 键 词：生产、销售伪劣商品罪 以假充真 注意规定 法律拟制 

分 类 号：DF61[政治法律—刑法学]