我国血液透析专科护士职业倦怠水平及其影响因素调查  

Investigation on job burnout level and its influencing factors of hemodialysis specialist nurses in China

作　　者：周丽芳 钟咪[2] 宋利[2] 孙春艳 莫雅文 郑淑倩 陈迎归 符霞 ZHOU Li-fang;ZHONG Mi;SONG Li;SUN Chun-yan;MO Ya-wen;ZHENG Shu-qian;CHEN Ying-gui;FU Xia(School of Nursing,Southern Medical University,Guangzhou Guangdong,510515,China;Blood Purification Centre,Division of Nephrology,Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital(Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences),Guangzhou Guangdong,510080,China;Hemodialysis Room,Nansha hospital,Guangzhou First People's Hospital,Guangzhou Guangdong,511457;School of Medicine,South China University of Technology,Guangzhou Guangdong,510006,China)

机构地区：[1]南方医科大学护理学院,广东广州510515 [2]广东省人民医院(广东省医学科学院)肾内科血液净化中心,广东广州510080 [3]广州市第一人民医院南沙医院血透室,广东广州511457 [4]华南理工大学医学院,广东广州510006

出　　处：《职业与健康》2020年第22期3029-3032,3036,共5页Occupation and Health

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助(2018MS24)。

摘　　要：目的了解我国血液透析(血透)专科护士的职业倦怠水平及其影响因素。方法 2019年7月24日—8月30日,采用自行设计的调查问卷及Maslach职业倦怠量表对我国血透护士进行调查,比较血透专科护士与国外医护人员职业倦怠常模的不同,并探讨血透专科护士职业倦怠的相关影响因素。结果共回收问卷3 631份,有效问卷3 419份,有效回收率为94.2%。血透专科护士职业倦怠总分为37.12±17.14,情感衰竭得分为15.87±8.45,去人格化得分为3.72±3.48,个人成就感得分为30.47±10.27。血透专科护士职业倦怠各维度得分均显著低于国外医护人员职业倦怠常模(P<0.01)。多元线性回归分析结果显示,血透专科护士职业倦怠的影响因素主要有工作氛围、职业规划、人际关系、有无培训资格初筛、培训机构、夜班情况、医院等级、有无子女(均P<0.05)。结论血透专科护士的职业倦怠水平相对较低,但个人成就感方面欠佳。血透专科护士应发挥其学科带头作用,同时管理者应积极采取针对性措施提高血透护士的成就感。Objective To investigate the job burnout level and its influencing factors of hemodialysis specialist nurses in China.Methods From July 24 to August 30,2019,a self-designed questionnaire and Maslach Burnout Inventory were used to survey hemodialysis nurses in China,to compare the the differences in job burnout among hemodialysis specialist nurses and norm of foreign medical staff,and explore the related influencing factors of job burnout among hemodialysis specialist nurses. Results A total of3 631 questionnaires were recovered,including 3 419 valid questionnaires,and the effective recovery rate was 94.2%. Hemodialysis specialist nurses had a total burnout score of 37.12 ±17.14,emotional exhaustion score of 15.87 ±8.45,depersonalization score of3.72 ±3.48,and personal accomplishment score of 30.47 ±10.27. The scores of all dimensions of job burnout in hemodialysis specialist nurses were significantly lower than norms of foreign medical staff(P<0.01). The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that the main influencing factors of job burnout of hemodialysis specialist nurses were working atmosphere,career planning,interpersonal relationship,preliminary screening for training qualification,training institution,night shift,hospital level,and with or without children(P<0.05). Conclusion Hemodialysis specialist nurses have relatively low level of job burnout,but have a poor personal accomplishment. Hemodialysis specialist nurses should play their leading role in the discipline,and managers should actively take targeted measures to improve the sense of achievement of hemodialysis nurses.

关 键 词：血透 专科护士 职业倦怠 

分 类 号：R181.31[医药卫生—流行病学]