基因编辑CRISPR技术在海洋生物遗传育种的应用进展  

Application perspective of CRISPR technology in marine organisms genetic breeding:a review

作　　者：于笛[1] 迟小妹 滕炜鸣[1] 谢玺[1] 赵冲 王庆志[1] YU Di;CHI Xiaomei;TENG Weiming;XIE Xi;ZHAO Chong;WANG Qingzhi(Dalian Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources for Marine Shellfish, Liaoning Ocean and Fisheries Science Research Institute, Dalian 116023, China;College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023,China)

机构地区：[1]辽宁省海洋水产科学研究院,大连市海产贝类种质资源创新利用重点实验室,辽宁大连116023 [2]大连海洋大学水产与生命学院,辽宁大连116023

出　　处：《大连海洋大学学报》2021年第1期169-176,共8页Journal of Dalian Ocean University

基　　金：大连市科技创新基金(2019J12SN60);国家自然科学基金(31302186);辽宁省重点研发计划项目(2017203006);辽宁省渔业科技计划项目(201818,201826);辽宁省农业科学院院长基金(2020QN2424);现代农业产业技术体系专项(CARS-49)。

摘　　要：基因编辑(gene editing)是生命科学领域目前应用最广泛的技术之一,以其对生物内源基因改变的精确性极大地推动着生命科学的研究进程,而CRISPR技术则是目前适应范围最广、可靠性最高的一类基因编辑技术,与其他技术相比,该技术具有高效、简单等优点。CRISPR等基因编辑技术已在动植物遗传育种、生物医疗等领域广泛应用,其中在海洋生物中的应用也日渐增多。本文以基因编辑技术为切入点,综述了基因编辑技术的发展史、原理、应用过程,以及CRISPR技术在海洋生物遗传育种中的应用现状及发展前景,旨在为推动基因编辑技术在海洋生物资源保护与开发、遗传育种等领域的应用提供科学参考。Gene editing as one of the most widely used technologies in life sciences has greatly promoted the research process of life science due to its accuracy of endogenous gene changes.CRISPR technology has the advantages of high efficiency and simplicity,and is the most widely applicable and reliable gene editing technology.CRISPR and other gene editing technologies have been increasingly applied in marine organisms,while they have been deeply developed in genetic breeding of animal and plant,biological medicine and other fields.The history,principle and application of gene editing are reviewed,with emphasis on application status and development prospect of gene editing CRISPR technology in genetic breeding of marine organisms,in order to provide reference for promoting the application of gene editing technology in protection and development of marine biological resources,genetic breeding and other fields.

关 键 词：基因编辑 CRISPR 海洋生物 遗传育种 

分 类 号：Q789[生物学—分子生物学]