有机物料配比对堆肥腐殖质及养分含量变化的影响  

Effect of Organic Material Ratio on Change of Humus and Nutrient Content in Compost

作　　者：王广耀 李雪 WANG Guangyao;LI Xue(Institute of Agriculture,Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University,Jilin 132101,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林农业科技学院农学院,吉林吉林132101

出　　处：《河南农业科学》2021年第2期66-71,共6页Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：吉林省科学技术厅重点科技研发项目(20180201067NY)。

摘　　要：为掌握堆肥配方最佳配比,研究玉米秸秆与牛粪的7种配比对堆肥腐殖质组成及养分含量的影响。分析不同配比条件下,堆肥养分含量以及腐殖质的变化。研究结果表明,玉米秸秆粉末和牛粪混合配比为5∶5、3∶7时,堆肥反应结束,有机碳含量均明显大于堆肥初期,且pH值在7.00~7.65,提供了最适宜微生物生长繁殖的环境。随着反应的进行,玉米秸秆粉末和牛粪混合配比为7∶3、5∶5、3∶7时,水溶性物质(WSS)的含量在堆肥前60 d均降低,分别比初始值下降了70%、58%、59%。另外,所有处理的腐殖化系数都随着堆肥反应的进行总体呈上升趋势,最终趋于稳定和腐熟状态。堆肥腐殖化系数与全氮、全磷、全钾含量间均呈极显著正相关关系。因此,在施用玉米秸秆基础上,适量的牛粪配施能够促进堆肥物料总有机碳含量的增加,WSS在堆肥过程中有所消耗,有利于堆肥腐熟程度的提升。玉米秸秆与牛粪比例为5∶5和3∶7的处理下,可以获得最佳效果。In order to master the optimum ratio of compost formula,the effects of seven ratios of maize straw and cow manure on humus composition and nutrient content of compost were studied.The changes of nutrient contents and humus during composting under different materials ratios were analyzed.The results showed that,when the mixing ratios of maize straw to cow manure were 5∶5,3∶7,at the end of the composting reaction,total organic carbon content was significantly higher than that at the beginning of composting,and the pH value ranged from 7.00 to 7.65,providing the most suitable environment for microbial growth and reproduction.When the mixing ratios of maize straw to cow manure were 7∶3,5∶5,3∶7,the content of water-soluble substances(WSS)decreased by 70%,58%and 59%in initial 60 days during composting compared with the initial value,respectively.In addition,the humification coefficients of all treatments generally increased as the composting reaction proceeded,which tended to be stable and mature finally.There was extremely significant positive correlation between humus coefficient and total nitrogen,total phosphorus and total potassium contents.Therefore,on the basis of adding maize straw,appropriate amount of cow manure can promote the increase of the total organic carbon content of composting materials,and WSS are consumed in the composting process,all of which are conducive to the improvement of composting maturity.By comparing the experimental data,the best effect can be obtained when the ratios of maize straw to cow manure are 5∶5 and 3∶7.

关 键 词：玉米秸秆 牛粪 腐解 腐殖质组成 养分特性 

分 类 号：S147.2[农业科学—肥料学]