不同植保机械在湖北稻田病虫害防治中的效能评价  

Efficiency Appraisal of Automatic Plant Protection Machinery Controlling Diseases and Insect Pests in Hubei Paddy Field

作　　者：王佐乾 吴婧莲 吴涛 张舒[1] 袁家富[1] 张瑞洋 杨小林[1] 夏贤格 WANG Zuoqian;WU Jinglian;WU Tao;ZHANG Shu;YUAN Jiafu;ZHANG Ruiyang;YANG Xiaolin;XIA Xian’ge(Institute of Plant Protection and Soil Science,Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Hubei Key Laboratory for Crop Diseases,Insect Pests and Weeds Control/Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Central China,Ministry of Agriculture,Wuhan 430064,China;Jingzhou Agricultural Technology Popularization Center,Jingzhou 434020,China;School of Industrial Design,Hubei University of Technology,Wuhan 430068,China)

机构地区：[1]湖北省农业科学院植保土肥研究所/农作物重大病虫草害防控湖北省重点实验室/农业部华中作物有害生物综合治理重点实验室,湖北武汉430064 [2]荆州市农业技术推广中心,湖北荆州434020 [3]湖北工业大学工业设计学院,湖北武汉430068

出　　处：《河南农业科学》2021年第2期89-95,共7页Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0301305);农业部华中作物有害生物综合治理重点实验室/农作物重大病虫草害防控湖北省重点实验室开放基金课题(2018ZTSJJ11);湖北省农业科技创新中心项目(2018-620-003-001)。

摘　　要：以人工背负式电动喷雾器作为对照,比较2种植保无人机和3种自走式喷雾机的喷雾性能,评价施药后稻飞虱的防治效果,并计算各植保机械的作业成本,以评价新型植保机械防治稻田病虫害的综合效能。结果表明,植保无人机雾滴密度显著小于其他机型,但稻丛雾滴穿透能力较强,久保田自走式喷雾机喷雾密度最大并且均一。各机型7 d的校正防效为96.5%~98.8%,所有机型之间没有显著差异;14 d的校正防效为92.9%~98.6%,自走式喷雾机防效显著好于植保无人机与人工背负式电动喷雾器。本研究中,人工背负式喷药方式综合成本297.45元/hm2,与之相比自走式喷雾机成本减少21.4%,大疆植保无人机减少68.4%,全丰植保无人机减少68.6%。以上结果表明,应用新型植保机械不仅保证了对稻飞虱的有效防控,同时能够提高稻田作业效率,并且节省大量作业成本。Spraying performance,rice planthopper control effect and operating cost of two unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs)and three self-propelled sprayers were compared to manual backpack electric sprayer as control,which were used to appraise their field efficiency against paddy pests and diseases.Results indicated that spraying droplets of UVAs showed strong penetrability through the stems and bushes of rice clusters,although its droplet density was significantly lower than that of other models.Jiubaotian showed the best performance in droplet density and spraying uniform in application.The corrected control effect of rice planthopper using different models was 96.5%to 98.8%at seven days post-treatment,respectively,showing no significant difference among all models.The corrected control effect at 14 days post-treatment was 92.9%to 98.6%,while three self-propelled sprayers were significantly higher than those of UAVs and manual backpack electric sprayer.In this study,the cost of pest control with manual backpack electric sprayer was 297.45 Yuan/ha,which was reduced by 21.4%,68.4%and 68.6%,with self-propelled sprayers,Dajiang UAV and Quanfeng UAV,respectively.Taken together,the application of new plant protection machinery could not only effectively control pests,but also improve operational efficiency and reduce cost of paddy field protection.

关 键 词：水稻病虫害 新型植保机械 雾滴密度 校正防效 效能评价 

分 类 号：S435.111[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]