我国主要小麦产区伴生麦的分布及生物学特性调查  

Investigation of the Distribution and Biological Characteristics of Volunteer Wheat in Main Wheat-Producing Areas of China

作　　者：苏旺苍[1] 郝红丹 孙兰兰[1] 袁明月 徐洪乐[1] 吴仁海[1] SU Wangcang;HAO Hongdan;SUN Lanlan;YUAN Mingyue;XU Hongle;WU Renhai(Institute of Plant Protection,Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Zhengzhou 450002,China)

机构地区：[1]河南省农业科学院植物保护研究所,河南郑州450002

出　　处：《河南农业科学》2021年第2期96-104,共9页Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：河南省农业科学院优秀青年科技基金项目(2018YQ17)。

摘　　要：为了明确伴生麦在我国中东部主要小麦产区的分布及生物学特征,采用7级目测法对河南、河北和山西等七省麦区42个调查样点进行伴生麦的调查,通过形态学观察明确伴生麦的特征。通过对伴生麦发生率和侵害值评估,不同省份伴生麦的发生频率为50.3%~92.1%,所调查42个样点的平均侵害值为16.3%~51.0%。伴生麦形态和生物学特性分析表明,伴生麦麦穗分为短芒、长芒和无芒型,伴生麦的籽粒颜色以暗红色为主,籽粒大小小于栽培小麦,伴生麦幼苗的茎秆颜色为红色和紫色。伴生麦的株高比栽培小麦高30.0%~135.7%,大部分伴生麦的穗长小于栽培小麦,分蘖数和穗粒数与栽培小麦不同,千粒质量较栽培小麦减少22.6%~42.4%,茎粗明显小于小麦。伴生麦的入侵严重影响栽培小麦的生长,对伴生麦的调查将有助于对其控制和提高栽培小麦的产量和品质。In order to clarify the distribution and biological characteristics of volunteer wheat in the main wheat producing areas in central and eastern China,a seven-level visual inspection method was used to investigate the volunteer wheat in 42 suvey samples of Henan,Hebei and Shanxi and other four provinces,and the morphological characteristics of volunteer wheat were clarified through morphological observations.The evaluation of the incidence and infringement value of volunteer wheat showed that the frequency of volunteer wheat in different provinces was 50.3%—92.1%,and the average infringement value of different sample sites in individual provinces was 16.3%—51.0%.The analysis of the morphology and biological characteristics of the volunteer wheat showed that the spikes of the volunteer wheat were divided into short awn,long awn and no awn.The grain color of the volunteer wheat was mainly dark red,and the average grain size was smaller than that of cultivated wheat.The stalks of the volunteer wheat seedling were red and purple,and the plant height of volunteer wheat was 30.0%—135.7%higher than that of cultivated wheat.The spike length of most of the volunteer wheat was smaller than that of cultivated wheat,and the number of tillers and grains per spike were different from cultivated wheat.The thousand-grain quality of volunteer wheat was 22.6%—42.4%lower than that of cultivated wheat.The stem diameter was obviously smaller than that of cultivated wheat.The invasion of volunteer wheat seriously affects the growth of cultivated wheat,so investigation of volunteer wheat will help to control it and improve the yield and quality of cultivated wheat.

关 键 词：伴生麦 侵害值 栽培小麦 株高 籽粒大小 

分 类 号：S512[农业科学—作物学] S451[农业科学—植物保护]