基于自动气象站资料的宜昌城市热岛分析  

Analysis of Urban Heat Island in Yichang Based on Automatic Weather Station Data

作　　者：毛成忠 张明 刘云鹏 张丽文[3] 肖刚 MAO Chengzhong;ZHANG Ming;LIU Yunpeng;ZHANG Liwen;XIAO Gang(Yichang Meteorological Bureau,Yichang 443000,China;Yiling Meteorological Bureau,Yiling 443100,China;Wuhan Regional Climate Center,Wuhan 430074,China)

机构地区：[1]宜昌市气象局,湖北宜昌443000 [2]夷陵区气象局,湖北夷陵443100 [3]武汉区域气候中心,湖北武汉430074

出　　处：《沙漠与绿洲气象》2021年第1期103-110,共8页Desert and Oasis Meteorology

基　　金：湖北省气象科技发展基金项目(2019J03)。

摘　　要：利用23个自动气象站2009—2018年逐小时气温资料,分析了宜昌城市热岛效应的时空演变,结果显示:(1)近10 a平均热岛强度为1.4℃,呈-0.172℃/10 a的缓慢减弱趋势。近10a夏季平均热岛强度为1.5℃,呈0.017℃/10 a的缓慢增强趋势。(2)热岛强度日变化是早晨到中午迅速减弱,午后至傍晚逐渐加强,夜间达到一天中最大值且保持稳定。(3)热岛强度年变化的谷点是1月,2—10月呈"台阶"状上升至峰值,每个"台阶"宽度约为3个月,11月—次年1月持续下降至谷点。热岛强度以夏季和秋季较强,冬季和春季较弱。(4)热岛强度的日、季节和年变化在时间上总体滞后于气温的变化;日、月最高气温时热岛弱,最低气温时热岛强。可能是城市下垫面热容量较大的"热滞效应"所致。(5)热岛强度高值区与城市核心区空间分布一致,高值区凸伸方向和趋势与城市建设发展方向高度一致。(6)近5 a热岛强度面积无明显变化,但城市中央区域热岛强度等级有所增强。Based on the hourly temperature data of 23 automatic weather stations during the period of2009-2018,the temporal and spatial evolution of urban heat island(UHI)effect in Yi Chang city is analyzed.The results showed that:(1)In the past 10 years,UHI intensity is 1.4℃,showing a gradual weakening trend of-0.172℃/10 a;the average UHI was 1.5℃for summer,showing a slow increase trend of 0.017℃/10 a.(2)The diurnal variation of UHI intensity that it decreases rapidly from morning to noon,gradually strengthened from afternoon to evening,and reached the maximum value of the day at night and remained stable.(3)The annual change of UHI intensity reaches its valley point in January,which rises to the peak with every three-months"steps"from February to October,and declines to the valley point continuously from November to January.The UHI intensity is stronger in summer and autumn,weaker in winter and spring.(4)The temporal variations of daily,seasonal and annual UHI intensity lags behind that of temperature on the whole;the UHI is weak at the highest temperature and strong at the lowest temperature,which may be due to the"thermal hysteresis effect"of large heat capacity of urban underlying surface.(5)The area in high UHI intensity is spatially consistent with the area of urban core,and the developing trend of high UHI intensity is consistent with the development direction of urban construction.(6)In the past five years,the areas of UHI has not changed significantly,but the intensity of UHI in the central city has increased.

关 键 词：宜昌 热岛效应 时空演变 自动气象站资料 

分 类 号：P412.11[天文地球—大气科学及气象学] P461.8