日光温室袋培番茄氮、磷、钾、钙、镁营养吸收分配规律研究  

Regularity of absorption and distribution of nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium,calcium,and magnesium in growth bag tomatoes in solar greenhouse

作　　者：王丹丹 张庆银 李燕[1] 齐连芬[1] 牛瑞生 赵晓明 师建华[1] 田国英[1] WANG Dandan;ZHANG Qingyin;LI Yan;QI Lianfen;NIU Ruisheng;ZHAO Xiaoming;SHI Jianhua;TIAN Guoying(Shijiazhuang Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences,Shijiazhuang 050021,China)

机构地区：[1]石家庄市农林科学研究院,河北石家庄050021

出　　处：《河北农业大学学报》2021年第1期33-40,共8页Journal of Hebei Agricultural University

基　　金：河北省重大科技成果转化专项项目(19026517Z);河北省农业科技成果转化资金专项(20826902D);石家庄市科学技术研究与发展技术项目(199490392A);石家庄市农林科学研究院设施蔬菜创新团队项目(208790016A).

摘　　要：为了探究不同时期番茄植株体内氮、磷、钾、钙、镁含量的变化,试验采用袋培方式,全生育期不施基肥和追肥,定期进行随机取样,分别测定番茄干物质及植株体内根、茎、叶、果中的氮、磷、钾、钙、镁含量和吸收量。结果表明:番茄全生育期内,各器官干物质积累速度整体呈慢—快—慢的变化趋势,定植后19~46 d为苗期,干物质主要集中在叶中,定植后46~74 d为开花结果期,干物质仍主要集中在叶中,但果中所占比例迅速增加,定植后74~103 d,干物质集中在果中。随定植天数的增加,根中全钾、全镁的元素含量均呈下降趋势,全氮、全磷含量变化不大,全钙含量呈上升趋势,但是在定植后32 d全钾含量及定植后60 d全钙含量呈现迅速下降;茎中全氮、全磷、全钾元素含量均呈下降趋势,分别从20.92、4.45、50.85 g/kg下降到13.79、1.01、26.00 g/kg,全钙、全镁呈上升趋势,分别从5.06、0.31 g/kg上升到10.97、0.36 g/kg;叶全氮、全磷、全钾元素含量均呈下降趋势,分别从48.96、4.41、34.03 g/kg下降到24.52、1.65、15.76 g/kg,全钙、全镁元素含量呈上升趋势,分别从15.37、0.43 g/kg上升到16.38、0.52 g/kg;果中全氮、全磷、全钙、全镁元素含量均在定植后32 d最高,分别为42.75、6.43、5.40、0.32 g/kg,然后均下降;全生育期内对5种元素需求的大小顺序为钾>氮>钙>磷>镁,各元素吸收量比例约为1∶0.11∶1.23∶0.39∶0.01。本研究结果为番茄植株健康生长和优质高产提供技术指导和理论支撑。To explore the changes of nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium,calcium,and magnesium contents of growth bag tomato plants in different periods,no base fertilizer and top dressing were applied during the whole growth period in the experiment,and random sampling was performed regularly to measure tomato plants’dry matter,the content and absorption of nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium,calcium and magnesium in roots,stems,fruits and leaves.The results showed that during the whole growth period of tomato plants,dry matter accumulation rate of all organs showed a slow-fast-slow change trend.The seedling period was 19-46 days after planting,and dry matter was mainly concentrated in leaves.During the flowering and fruiting period,dry matter was still mainly concentrated in the leaves,but increased rapidly in fruits during 74-103 days after planting.With the increase of days after planting,the content of total potassium and total magnesium in the roots showed a downward trend,the content of total nitrogen and total phosphorus didn’t change much,and the content of total calcium showed an upward trend,but the total potassium and total calcium contents after planting for 32 days and 60 days respectively both decreased rapidly.The content of total nitrogen,total phosphorus,and total potassium in the stems all showed a downward trend from 20.92,4.45,and 50.85 g/kg to 13.79,1.01,and 26.00 g/kg,respectively.Total calcium and total magnesium showed an upward trend from 5.06 and 0.31 g/kg to 10.97 and 0.36 g/kg respectively.The contents of total nitrogen,total phosphorus,and total potassium in the leaves all showed a downward trend,from 48.96,4.41,and 34.03 g/kg to 24.52,1.65,and 15.76 g/kg,respectively.The contents of calcium and total magnesium were on the rise,increasing from 15.37 and 0.43 g/kg to 16.38 and 0.52 g/kg respectively.The contents of total nitrogen,total phosphorus,total calcium,and total magnesium in the fruit were the highest in 32 days after planting,which were 42.75,6.43,5.40,0.32 g/kg,and then all decreased.The order

关 键 词：袋培 番茄 矿质元素 吸收 分配 

分 类 号：S641.2[农业科学—蔬菜学]