深松深度对鲁西南土壤耕层理化性状和作物产量的影响  

Effects of Subsoiling Depth on Soil Physicochemical Characters of Plough Layer and Crop Yield in Southwest Shandong

作　　者：刘国利 崔双双 孙泽强[1] 杨光[1] 孔晓民[3] 韩成卫[3] 刘盛林[1] 石宁 王学君[1] Liu Guoli;Cui Shuangshuang;Sun Zeqiang;Yang Guang;Kong Xiaomin;Han Chengwei;Liu Shenglin;Shi Ning;Wang Xuejun(Institute of Agricultural Resources and Entironment,Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Scientifice ExperimentalStation of Culivated Land Presertation in Shandong,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Afairs,Jinan 250100,China;Agricultural Integrated Service Center,Xiaobotou Town,Wudi County,Wudi 251911,China;Jining Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Jining Comprehensive Experimental Station of National Corn Industry Technology System,Jning 272031,China)

机构地区：[1]山东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所/农业农村部山东耕地保育科学观测实验站,山东济南250100 [2]无棣县小泊头镇农业综合服务中心,山东无棣251911 [3]济宁市农业科学研究院/国家玉米产业技术体系济宁综合试验站,山东济宁272031

出　　处：《山东农业科学》2021年第2期71-78,共8页Shandong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：NSFC-山东联合基金(U1806215);国家重点研发计划课题(2017YFD200701);山东省大科学计划优势特色主导产业发展专项(20190103);公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201503117);山东省重大科技创新工程项目(2017CXGC0301)。

摘　　要：鲁西南地区长期单一旋耕的耕作方式,造成土壤耕层变浅、土壤紧实、地力下降、土壤养分不均衡等,严重制约作物生长和产量提高。本研究旨在探索深松耕作对冬小麦-夏玉米轮作系统土壤蓄水能力、紧实度、养分以及作物产量等的影响,以期为鲁西南地区土壤耕作方式的优化选择提供理论依据。2015—2017年在山东省济宁市嘉祥县进行田间试验,设置旋耕、秋深松30 cm+旋耕、秋深松35 cm+旋耕、秋深松40 cm+旋耕4个耕作处理,研究深松深度对土壤水分、紧实度、土壤养分等理化性状和作物产量的影响。结果表明:深松耕作对土壤含水量、紧实度、养分、作物产量均有影响。与旋耕相比,深松增加0~40 cm土层土壤中水分含量,降低40~60 cm土层水分含量,降低土壤紧实度,且深松深度越大,土壤紧实度越小。深松改变氮、磷在土壤剖面中的分布,增加土壤速效钾含量。深松耕作对冬小麦和夏玉米均有增产效果,且深松深度越大,作物产量越高。在本试验条件下,鲁西南地区深松40 cm最佳。Long-term single rotary tillage in southwest Shandong changed the soil physicochemical characters,such as shallow tillage soil layer,soil compaction,declined fertility and unbalanced soil nutrients,and inhibited crop growth and yield increase.The objective of this experiment was to study the effects of subsoiling depth on soil water storage capacity,compaction,nutrients and crop yields in the winter wheat and summer maize rotation system.It was expected to provide better theoretical bases for selecting more suitable tillage methods for southwest Shandong.From 2015 to 2017,the field experiment was conducted in Jiaxiang County,Jining City,Shandong Province.The experiment treaments were set as follows:conventional rotary tillage,subsoiling 30 cm based on conventional rotary tillage,subsoiling 35 cm based on conventional rotary tillage,and subsoiling 40 cm based on conventional rotary tillage before sowing winter wheat.The soil water content,compaction,nutrients and crop yields were analyzed.The results showed that subsoiling tillage obviously influenced the soil water content,compaction,nutrients and crop yields.Compared with conventional rotary tillage,subsoiling tillage increased the soil water content of 0~40-cm layer and decreased that of 40~60-cm layer.Subsoiling also reduced the soil compaction,which decreased with the increase of subsoiling depth.The distribution of soil nitrogen and phosphorus changed and the available potassium increased under the tillage of subsoiling.Subsoiling tillage increased the yields of winter wheat and summer corn,and the yields increased with the increase of subsoiling depth.It was concluded that 40 cm was the most appropriate subsoiling depth in southwest Shandong under this experiment conditions.

关 键 词：深松深度 土壤养分 冬小麦-夏玉米轮作 产量 鲁西南地区 

分 类 号：S152.4[农业科学—土壤学]