农业面源污染负荷估算及控制对策研究  

Estimation and Solutions of Agricultural Non-Point Source Pollution Load

作　　者：臧梦圆 李颖 Zang Mengyuan;Li Ying(Colege of Economics and Management,Shandong Agricultural University,Taian 271018,China)

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学经济管理学院(商学院),山东泰安271018

出　　处：《山东农业科学》2021年第2期142-147,共6页Shandong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年项目“基于碳汇功能的粮食作物生态补偿机制研究”(71503148)。

摘　　要：本文以山东省威海市为研究对象,通过输出系数模型对威海市农作物秸秆、畜禽粪便、生活排污、水产养殖和化肥施用五类污染源产生的污染物进行估算分析,并采用等标负荷法,对污染物的等标排放量进行测算。结果表明,2019年威海市农业面源污染实物排放量2.18×10^(4)t,等标排放量2.27×10^(10)m^(3)。污染源主要来自畜禽养殖和化肥施用。因此,建议农业面源污染治理的重点是在空间布局上合理规划畜牧养殖规模,积极推广"养殖—粪污利用—种植"的生态农牧业发展模式,加快推进畜禽粪污资源化利用。强化测土配方施肥技术应用,减少化肥的施用量,构建秸秆综合利用长效机制,实行城乡垃圾污水一体化管理。Agricultural non-point source pollution has increasingly caused the destruction of ecological environment.It is urgent to prevent and control agricultural non-point source pollution and protect agricultural ecological environment.Taking Weihai City in Shandong Province as an example,the pollutants generated by five pollution sources including crop straw,livestock and poultry manure,domestic sewage,aquaculture and fertilizer application were estimated and analyzed through the output coefficient model.In addition,the equal standard load method was used to calculate the equal standard discharges of pollutants.According to the study,the physical discharge of agricultural non-point source pollution in Weihai in 2019 was 2.18×10^(4)t,the equal-standard discharge of the whole city were 2.27×10^(10)m^(3).The main sources of pollution were livestock&poultry farming and chemical fertilizers.Based on the results,some suggests were put forward as to plan livestock breeding scale reasonably in spatial layout,promote the"breeding-manure utilization-planting"ecological farming and livestock breeding mode,speed up livestock and poultry manure resource utilization,strenthen application of soil formula fertilization technique,reduce application rate of chemical fertilizer,establish long-term comprehensive utilization mechanism of straw,and conduct integrated management of garbage and sewage in both city and rural areas.

关 键 词：农业面源污染 负荷估算 输出系数模型 控制对策 

分 类 号：X52[环境科学与工程—环境工程]