某集约化牛场奶牛围生期和泌乳早期群体代谢健康的评估  

Evaluation of population metabolic health during perinatal and early lactation in an intensive dairy farm

作　　者：于迪 赵畅[1] 白云龙[1] 王东 夏成[1] 徐闯[1] 张洪友[1] YU Di;ZHAO Chang;BAI Yunlong;WANG Dong;XIA Cheng;XU Chuang;ZHANG Hongyou(College of Animal Science and Technology,Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University,Daqing 163319,China)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江八一农垦大学动物科技学院,黑龙江大庆163319

出　　处：《黑龙江畜牧兽医》2021年第2期52-56,共5页Heilongjiang Animal Science And veterinary Medicine

基　　金：黑龙江省自然科学基金项目“畜禽群发普通病防控技术研究”(2017YFD0502200);黑龙江省科技攻关计划项目“黑龙江垦区奶牛主要繁殖障碍疾病的综合防治关键技术与示范”(2018GXjb1427)。

摘　　要：为了对黑龙江省某集约化牛场奶牛群体代谢状况进行调查,评估奶牛围生期和泌乳早期代谢是否正常,试验随机选取产前10 d(15头)、分娩当天(15头)、产后10 d(30头)、产后20 d(30头)、产后30 d(30头)的围生期和泌乳早期初产和经产奶牛共120头,根据牛场管理系统以及血液生化分析技术对奶牛的年龄、胎次、体况评分(BCS)、日泌乳量、能量代谢指标[β羟基丁酸(BHBA)、葡萄糖(Glu)]、矿物质代谢指标[钙(Ca)、磷(P)]进行跟踪监测,计算奶牛产后酮病、低血钙症及高血磷症的发病率。结果表明:该牛场奶牛产前10 d酮病发病率为20%,低血糖症发病率为7%;产后10~30 d,酮病发病率最高达67%,低血糖症发病率最高达40%。试验奶牛随着日泌乳量的不断增高,BCS也不断下降;产后血酮(BHBA)水平升高,而血糖(Glu)水平下降;血钙和血磷在分娩当天低于机体正常水平,而后恢复正常。奶牛酮病的发生与产前BCS高、产后BCS损失过多有关,进而影响奶牛产后日泌乳量。奶牛分娩后,血钙水平逐渐恢复正常,低血磷和高血磷问题在该牛场较为严重。说明该牛场奶牛围生期和泌乳早期群体代谢紊乱较为严重,尤其酮病和低血糖症,提示该牛场需要改善饲养管理,合理分群,定期监控奶牛体况和代谢,及时发现问题并有针对性地采取必要的干预和防控措施。In order to investigate the metabolic status of dairy cows in an intensive cattle farm in Heilongjiang Province and to assess the metabolism of dairy cows during the perinatal period and early lactation,150 primary and lactating cows were randomly selected during perinatal and early lactation periods[10 days before delivery(15 heads),day of delivery(15 heads),10 days after delivery(30 heads),20 days after delivery(30 heads),and 30 days after delivery(30 heads)].According to the cattle farm management system and blood biochemical analysis technology,age,parity,body condition score(BCS),daily lactation,energy metabolism index[β-hydroxybutyric acid(BHBA),glucose(Glu)],and mineral metabolism index[calcium(Ca),phosphorus(P)]of cows were tracked and monitored,and the incidence of postpartum ketosis,hypocalcemia and hyperphosphatemia in dairy cows was calculated.The results showed that the incidence of ketosis and hypoglycemia was 20%and 7%,respectively,at 10 days before delivery;the incidence of ketosis and hypoglycemia reached the highest of 67%and 40%,respectively,during 10-30 days after delivery.BCS and Glu in dairy cows decreased with the increase of daily lactation,while the BHBA level increased.Blood calcium and blood phosphorus were lower than the body’s normal level during delivery,and then return to normal.The occurrence of ketosis in dairy cows is related to high prenatal BCS and excessive postpartum BCS loss,which in turn affects the daily milk production of dairy cows after delivery.After giving birth,the blood calcium levels of the postpartum cows gradually returned to normal.The problems of low blood phosphorus and high blood phosphorus in the postpartum cows are more serious in this cattle farm.The results indicated that the metabolism disorders of the dairy cows in this farm in the perinatal and early lactation stages was relatively serious,especially ketosis and hypoglycemia,suggesting that the farm needs to improve feeding management,rational grouping,regular monitoring of body condition and metabo

关 键 词：围生期 泌乳早期 泌乳牛 能量代谢 矿物质代谢 发病率 

分 类 号：S856.9[农业科学—临床兽医学]