补饲和饮水温度对春季半舍饲牦牛生长性能的影响  

Effects of supplementation feeding and drinking water temperature on growth performance of semi-housed yaks in spring

作　　者：鲍宇红 普布卓玛 罗增 参木友 张晓庆 BAO Yuhong;Pubuzhuoma;LUO Zeng;Canmuyou;ZHANG Xiaoqing(State Key Laboratory of Hulless Barley and Yak Germplasm Resources and Genetic Improvement/Institute of Pratacultural,Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences,Lhasa 850009,China;Institute of Grassland Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Hohhol 010010,China)

机构地区：[1]省部共建青稞和牦牛种质资源与遗传改良国家重点实验室/西藏自治区农牧科学院草业科学研究所,拉萨850009 [2]中国农业科学院草原研究所,呼和浩特010010

出　　处：《黑龙江畜牧兽医》2021年第2期141-144,161,共5页Heilongjiang Animal Science And veterinary Medicine

基　　金：国家重点研发项目子课题“舍饲与半舍饲技术集成与示范”(2016YFC0502003);国家肉牛牦牛产业技术体系项目(CARS-37)。

摘　　要：为了提高高寒地区放牧牦牛的生产性能,解析不同补饲饲料、饮水温度对春季半舍饲牦牛的体尺指标、生产性能的影响,试验选择7个牧户,每户挑选2岁左右、体重相近的健康牦牛6头,按户分为7组,分别设为自由放牧无补饲组(对照组,CK组)、放牧补饲燕麦干草和冷水组(OC组)、放牧补饲燕麦干草+颗粒饲料和冷水组(OPC组)、放牧补饲燕麦干草+高能舔砖和冷水组(OBC组)、放牧补饲燕麦干草和温水组(OH组)、放牧补饲燕麦干草+颗粒饲料和温水组(OPH组)、放牧补饲燕麦干草+高能舔砖和温水组(OBH组),测定体高、体斜长、十字部高、胸围以及体增重和料重比。结果表明:不同补饲饲料和饮水温度对牦牛的体尺指标没有产生显著影响。但经过3个月的饲养所有补饲组牦牛的全期平均增重显著增加,增长2.18~3.96 kg;而放牧组的体重减少,减重为3.29 kg,与各补饲组差异显著(P<0.05)。OC组料重比显著高于其他放牧组(P<0.05),OBC组显著低于其他放牧组(P<0.05),其中OBC组的料重比最低,其次为OBH、OPC、OH、OPH、OC组;对照组体增重为负值,不计算饲料报酬。说明在藏北那曲草原,春季放牧造成牦牛掉膘减重,补饲燕麦干草、颗粒饲料或高能舔砖能使牦牛保重保膘,在提高增重速度的同时降低料重比;但在本试验条件下,饮水温度对牦牛增重没有明显影响。In order to improve the production performance of grazing yaks in alpine regions and analyze the effects of different supplementary feeding and drinking water temperature on the body size index and production performance of semi-housed yaks in spring.Six healthy yaks aged around 2 years old and with similar weight were selected from each of 7 grazing families and divided into free grazing and non-supplementary feeding group(control group,CK group),grazing plus oat hay and cold-water group(OC group),grazing plus oat hay,concentrate pellets and cold-water group(OPC group),grazing plus oat hay,energy lick block and cold-water group(OBC group),grazing plus oat hay and warm-water group(OH group),grazing plus oat hay,concentrate pellets and warm-water group(OPH group),and grazing plus oat hay according to the household,energy lick block and warm-water group(OBH group).Body height,oblique length,cross height,chest circumference,body weight gain and F/G were measured.The results showed that different feeding and drinking temperature had no significant effect on the body size index of yaks,but after three months of feeding,the average weight gain of all supplementation groups increased significantly,ranging from 2.18 to 3.96 kg,while the body weight of grazing group decreased by 3.29 kg,which significantly different with other grazing groups(P<0.05).F/G of OC group was significanty higher than that of other grazing groups(P<0.05),and F/G of OBC was significantly lower than that of other grazing groups(P<0.05).The OBC group was the lowest,followed by the OBH,OPC,OH,OPH and OC groups.A negative weight gain was observed in the control group,and there was no feed remuneration.The above results indicated that spring grazing could lead to weight and fat loss in yaks,and supplementation with oat hay,concentrate pellets or high-energy lick block could help yaks maintain weight and fat loss,and improve the speed of weight gain and reduce F/G.However,water temperature had no impact on weight gain of yaks in this experiment.

关 键 词：藏北草原 牦牛 半舍饲 补饲 恒温饮水 

分 类 号：S823.85[农业科学—畜牧学]