纳米氧化铜对肉鸡急性毒性及蓄积毒性试验  

The research on acute toxicity and accumulation toxicity of nano copper oxide on broilers

作　　者：高晨 耿建芬 张海容 李卫东 曹学亮 苏宝新 郑芳 GAO Chen;GENG Jianfen;ZHANG Hairong;LI Weidong;CAO Xueliang;SU Baoxin;ZHENG Fang(Department of Ecology and Landscape Architecture,Dezhou University,Dezhou 253023,China)

机构地区：[1]德州学院生态与园林建筑学院,山东德州253023

出　　处：《黑龙江畜牧兽医》2021年第3期119-122,163,164,共6页Heilongjiang Animal Science And veterinary Medicine

基　　金：山东省高等学校科技计划项目(J17KA124);德州学院科技计划项目(2015kjrc07)。

摘　　要：为了科学利用纳米氧化铜,进一步明确纳米氧化铜在肉鸡养殖期间的安全添加剂量,试验给鸡灌服不同浓度纳米氧化铜,测定纳米氧化铜对鸡的半数致死剂量(LD50)及可信限,观察14 d内鸡的生活状态及死亡情况,剖检死亡鸡并观察病理变化。另外,给鸡连续灌服不同剂量纳米氧化铜20 d,1~5组给药总剂量分别为0,1,2,4,10 LD50,给药停止后连续7 d观察鸡的生活状态及死亡情况。结果表明:纳米氧化铜对肉鸡的LD50为841.0 mg/kg,LD50(Feiller校正) 95%可信限为720.6~981.5 mg/kg。剖检发现死亡鸡肌胃黏膜呈铜绿色,黏膜下有溃疡,肝脏局部出血,胆囊充盈肿胀。鸡灌服1 LD50纳米氧化铜后全部存活;灌服2 LD50时死亡3只,存活7只;灌服4 LD50剂时死亡8只,存活2只;灌服10 LD50时鸡全部死亡。肝脏电镜切片观察,发现肝细胞内溶酶体增多,细胞核固缩,线粒体内外膜消失,粗面内质网扩张,线粒体空化,产生空泡、坏死。说明高剂量纳米氧化铜对鸡的肝脏等器官造成损伤,并引起脏器肿胀、出血等病理变化,纳米氧化铜对鸡有中等蓄积毒性作用。In order to make more scientific use of nano copper oxide and further clarify the safe additive dosage of nano copper oxide during broiler breeding, experimental chickens were suit different concentrations of nano copper oxide. The half-lethal dose(LD50) and confidence limit of nano copper oxide to chickens were determined, the life status and death of the chickens were observed within 14 days, and the dead chickens were necropsied and their pathological changes were observed. In addition, the chickens were continuously fed with different doses of nano copper oxide for 20 d, and the total doses of groups 1 to 5 were 0, 1, 2, 4, and 10 LD50 respectively. The life status and death of the chickens were observed for 7 days after stopping the drug. The results showed that the LD50 of copper oxide nanoparticles for broilers was 841.0 mg/kg, and the 95% confidence limit of LD50(Feiller correction) was 720.6-981.5 mg/kg. The necropsy revealed that the mucosa of the musculature and stomach of the dead chickens was copper-green, and ulcers under the mucosa, local hemorrhage in the liver, and gallbladder filling and swelling were observed. All chickens survived after administering 1 LD50 copper oxide nanoparticles;3 chickens died and 7 survived at 2 LD50;8 chickens died and 2 survived at 4 LD50;all chickens died at 10 LD50. Observation of the liver electron microscope section showed that the number of lysosomes in the liver cells increased, the nucleus constricted, the inner and outer mitochondrial membranes disappeared, the rough endoplasmic reticulum expanded, and the mitochondria cavitation, resulting in vacuoles and necrosis. The results indicated that high-dose copper oxide nanoparticles could damage the liver and other organs of chickens, and cause organ swelling, bleeding and other pathological changes. Nano copper oxide has a moderate accumulation toxicity effect to chickens.

关 键 词：纳米氧化铜 肉鸡 急性毒性 半数致死量 蓄积毒性 

分 类 号：S859.8[农业科学—临床兽医学]