基于地理国情监测的兰州新区土地利用时空演变分析  

Analysis on the spatio-temporal evolution of land use in Lanzhou New District based on the national geographical monitoring data

作　　者：王奕璇 张志斌[1] 王仁慈 WANG Yixuan;ZHANG Zhibin;WANG Renci(College of Geography and Environmental Sciences,Northwest Normal University,Lanzhou 730070,China)

机构地区：[1]西北师范大学地理与环境科学学院,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《甘肃农业大学学报》2021年第1期149-159,共11页Journal of Gansu Agricultural University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目“西北内陆新区演化与中心城市空间重构的互动机理和发展模式研究-以兰州为例”(41961029).

摘　　要：【目的】梳理兰州新区土地利用变化发展脉络、研究兰州新区土地利用时空演变特征,以期为准确掌握其开发格局、评估其土地利用合理性提供一定参考.【方法】基于地理国情监测数据,运用土地利用动态度、土地利用转移矩阵、土地利用空间格局重心迁移方法对兰州新区2010~2019年土地利用时空演变特征进行了定量分析.【结果】从土地利用变化总体特征来看,时序上,林地、房屋建筑(区)、道路、构筑物、人工堆掘地、水域的面积在不断增加,而主要土地利用类型耕地、草地的面积相对减少.空间上,人工堆掘地的增加最为明显,主要分布在中部、东南、东北片区,并向东南、东北片区逐步扩张;其次为房屋建筑(区)、道路、构筑物等土地利用类型的增加,主要集中分布于新区版图的中部地带,并呈组团向四周扩展.从土地利用变化速度特征来看,2010~2013年是新区建设的初级阶段,变化较小;2013~2016年,道路空间的快速拓展以及土地的开发整理(平山造地)引起了土地利用的快速变化;而2016年后新区建设逐渐由外部拓展转向建成区内部填充,土地利用变化趋缓.从土地利用变化转换特征来看,以耕地、园地、草地向人工堆掘地的转变为主,逐渐过渡为以人工堆掘地向道路、房屋建筑(区)构筑物等类型的转变为主.从土地利用空间格局重心变化来看,人工堆掘地重心偏移最为明显,方向呈先东南后东北再东南的趋势;耕地、园地、林地重心总体向西北偏移;房屋建筑(区)、道路、构筑物重心总体向东南偏移;草地、荒漠与裸露地表重心总体向西南偏移;仅水域重心向东北方向偏移.【结论】9 a间土地利用总体时空格局变化较为明显.时序上经历了先慢后快再趋缓的过程;空间上经历了由“外延”向“内涵”转变的过程.【Objective】In order to provide a reference for accurately understanding the development pattern and evaluating the rationality of land use in Lanzhou New District,the characteristics of land use change and land use spatio-temporal evolution were analyzed.【Method】Based on the data of national geographic monitoring,the land use dynamics,land use transfer matrix,and land use spatial pattern center shift method were used to quantitatively analyze the spatio-temporal evolution characteristics of land use from 2010 to 2019.【Result】From the view of the overall characteristics of land use change,the area of woodland,buildings,roads,artificial digging-piles land and water area was increasing,while the area of dominant land use types such asarble land and grassland was decreasing.The increase of artificial digging-piles was the most obvious,mainly distributed in the central,southeast and northeast parts,and gradually expanded to the southeast and northeast areas.The increase of housing construction,roads and structures took the second place,which mainly concentrated in the central part and expanded to neighboring area.From the view of land use change speed,it was slow in the initial stage of New District construction(2010 to 2013).From 2013 to 2016,the rapid road expansion and land development caused rapid land use changes.After 2016,the development gradually shifted from external expansion to internal intensive construction and the land use changes slowed down.From the view of the conversion characteristics,the land use change of arable land,garden and grassland to artificial digging-piles land was gradually shifted from digging-piles land to roads,buildings and structures.From the view of the spatial pattern of land use change,the shift of the gravity center of artificial digging-piles land was the most obvious,with a trend of first southeast,then northeast and then southeast.And the gravity center of arable land,garden and woodland generally shifted to northwest.The gravity center of roads and structures gen

关 键 词：土地利用变化 时空演变 地理国情监测 兰州新区 空间格局重心 

分 类 号：P962[天文地球—自然地理学]