大直径盾构掘进风险分析及对特大直径盾构挑战的思考  

Analysis of Tunneling Risks of Large-Diameter Shield and Thoughts on Its Challenges

作　　者：钱七虎 陈健 QIAN Qihu;CHEN Jian(Army Engineering University,Nanjing 210007,Jiangsu,China;School of Environmental Science and Engineering,Ocean University of China,Qingdao 266100,Shandong,China;China Railway 14th Bureau Group Co.,Ltd.,Jinan 250014,Shandong,China)

机构地区：[1]陆军工程大学,江苏南京210007 [2]中国海洋大学环境科学与工程学院,山东青岛266100 [3]中铁十四局集团有限公司,山东济南250014

出　　处：《隧道建设（中英文）》2021年第2期157-164,共8页Tunnel Construction

摘　　要：目前,基于建设规模和设计功能的需求,特大直径盾构已多次应用于铁路、公路、城市轨道交通、地下管廊等领域隧道工程建设。初步统计了国内外15.5 m以上的特大直径盾构隧道工程,总结了大直径盾构在掘进过程中的主要风险及常见问题,包括主轴承损坏失效、盾构管片拼装脱出盾尾后上浮、刀具磨损随盾构直径增大而加剧、刀盘前泥饼粘结、渣土滞排、刀盘升温等,并结合案例分析其原因。针对特大直径盾构带来的事故风险,从土压盾构与泥水盾构主轴承密封问题、管片盾尾脱出后上浮风险、常压刀盘与常规刀盘的选择、泥饼粘结和渣土滞排难题、预探前方复杂地质、海中基岩爆破及注浆固结辅助处理等方面提出思考和建议。Presently,owing to the demand of construction scale and design function,many super-large-diameter shields have been widely used in tunnel engineering in railways,highways,urban rail transits,underground utility tunnels,and other areas.In this paper,a preliminary statistic on the super-large-diameter(more than 15.5 m)shield tunnel projects around the world is presented.The main risks of large-diameter shield tunneling,such as main bearing damage and failure,segment floating after segment assembly and removal from shield tail,cutter wear increasing with shield diameter,mud cake bonding on cutterhead,hysteretic discharge of muck,and cutterhead heating,are summarized.Additionally,related countermeasures are provided based on case analysis.Moreover,suggestions are put forward regarding main bearing seal of earth pressure balance shield and slurry shield,floating risk after segment assembly and removal of shield tail,cutterhead selection,mud cake bonding and hysteretic discharge of muck,pre-exploration of complex geology,and blasting and grouting consolidation of sea bedrock.

关 键 词：大直径盾构 主轴承密封 管片上浮 刀具磨损 泥饼粘结 渣土滞排 常规刀盘 常压刀盘 地质预探 基岩爆破 注浆固结 

分 类 号：U45[建筑科学—桥梁与隧道工程]