变革时代的家与个人:对《飘》的解读  

Family and Individual in a Changing Age:An Interpretation of Gone with the Wind

作　　者：肖瑛[1] Xiao Ying

机构地区：[1]上海大学社会学院,上海200444

出　　处：《学海》2021年第1期32-53,共22页Academia Bimestris

摘　　要：《飘》是以亚特兰大为场景描写美国内战和重建时期南方人的日常和情感生活的史诗级文学作品。作者玛格丽特·米切尔对历史真实性的追求赋予该作品重要的学术价值。而且,相较于历史著作,《飘》对家庭情感和价值的刻画更为细腻和生动。因此,若将《飘》置于美国历史整体中来研究,就可以从中发现“老南方”的家庭生活及其变迁的模式和动力结构。南方人家庭想象和生活的三重模式即血缘和姻亲家庭、种植园以及整个南方,建构和维系这多重家庭模式的动力结构是家长制与母爱、等级与平等、忠诚与责任等三对范畴,它们在现实生活和历史变动中各自辩证结合,或维护老南方的家庭生活,或适应社会的变革。但是,内战和重建为功利主义个人主义的“新南方”的兴起创造了机会,这一个人主义为拯救家而生长,却让家失去了灵魂。这样,“回家”和“回不去”就成了战后南方人不得不面对的困境。《飘》所揭示的这一困境,其实是现代社会变迁的必然结果,是现代人的普遍困境。Gone with the Wind is an epic literary work that describes the daily and emotional lives of Southerners during the American Civil War and Reconstruction in Atlanta.Its Author Margaret Mitchell's pursuit of historical authenticity endows this work with important academic value.If we put Gone with the Wind into the overall American history,we can discover the patterns and dynamic structures of family life ad their changes in the“Old South”.The triple model of family imagination and life of Southerners is blood and in-law family,plantation and the entire South.The dynamic structures for constructing and maintaining this multiple family models are patriarchy and maternal love,hierarchy and equality,and loyalty and responsibility.They are dialectically combined in real life and historical changes,or maintain the family life of the Old South,or adapt to social changes.However,the Civil War and Reconstruction created opportunities for the rise of utilitarian individualistic“New South”.This individualism was grew to save the family,but it made the family lose its soul.In this way,“going home”and“not going back”became a dilemma that Southerners had to face after the war.The dilemma revealed in Gone with the Wind is actually the inevitable result of modern society and a common dilemma for modern people.

关 键 词：《飘》 老南方 家庭主义 个人主义 家长制 母爱 

分 类 号：I712.074[文学—其他各国文学]