低轨星载光学测量确定静止卫星轨道的方法  

Geostationary Satellite Orbit Determination by LEO Space-based Optical Observations

作　　者：宋叶志[1] 邵瑞 王蕾 杨建华 刘佳[1,2] 胡小工 黄勇[1] 尧敏[3] SONG Yezhi;SHAO Rui;WANG Lei;YANG Jianhua;LIU Jia;HU Xiaogong;HUANG Yong;YAO Min(Shanghai Astronomical Observatory,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shanghai 200030,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Highway Network Management Center of Jiangxi Province,Nanchang 330036,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院上海天文台,上海200030 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]江西省高速公路联网管理中心,南昌330036

出　　处：《航天返回与遥感》2021年第1期28-38,共11页Spacecraft Recovery & Remote Sensing

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(11473056);上海市自然科学基金(17ZR1435700)。

摘　　要：为了研究低地球轨道(LEO)卫星对地球静止轨道(GEO)卫星的跟踪定轨能力,文章提出利用LEO星载光学测量技术对GEO卫星进行轨道确定。文章充分考虑光学可视条件与星载相机的观测区域,对LEO卫星跟踪GEO卫星的空间环境以及测量模式进行模拟。利用模拟得到的测角数据采用数值方法对GEO卫星进行定轨并与参考轨道进行重叠对比。通过仿真算例对单圈及多圈跟踪情况下GEO目标定轨精度进行分析,结果表明,在平台轨道误差3m、测量精度5"情况下,随着观测圈数的叠加,GEO卫星的轨道确定精度可由500m量级提升至百米量级。若提升平台精度和测量精度,则轨道确定性可进一步提高。To analyze the tracking and orbit determination ability of LEO satellites to GEO satellites,a method using the LEO spaceborne optical measurement technology is proposed.The space environment and measurement mode of LEO satellite in tracking GEO satellite are simulated with the optical visual conditions and the observation mode of the camera considered.The GEO is determined by the numerical method and the simulated angle measurement data and then compared with the reference orbit.Through these simulation examples,the GEO target orbit determination accuracy is analyzed under the conditions of single-turn and multi-turn tracking.The results show that the orbit determination accuracy of GEO can be improved from 500 meters to 100 meters with the superposition of observation loops under the condition of a platform orbit error of 3m and a measurement accuracy of 5″.The track certainty can be further increased with the improvement of the platform accuracy and measurement accuracy.

关 键 词：光学测量 天文定位 星基测角 轨道确定 卫星相机 

分 类 号：P207[天文地球—测绘科学与技术]