人类与病毒抗争的持久战:2020年度诺贝尔生理学或医学奖解读  

A protracted war of human beings against virus:Interpreting for the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2020

作　　者：周杨 Zulqarnain Baloch 夏雪山[1] Yang Zhou;Zulqarnain Baloch;Xueshan Xia(Faculty of Life Sciences and Technology,Kunming University of Science and Technology,Kunming 650500,China)

机构地区：[1]昆明理工大学生命科学与技术学院,昆明650500

出　　处：《科学通报》2020年第36期4182-4187,共6页Chinese Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2017YFC1309302);云南省重大科技计划(2019ZF004)资助。

摘　　要：根据世界卫生组织(World Health Organization,WHO)最新数据,全球约有7100万慢性丙型肝炎病毒(hepatitis C virus,HCV)感染者,2016年约40万人因该病死亡.我国是世界HCV感染者数量最多的国家,约占全球慢性HCV感染者总量的14%.值得关注的是,我国仍然有大量患者未被诊断出,并且实际接受规范药物治疗的患者比例较小.On 5 th October of 2020,the Nobel committee announced in the Karolinska Institute that the 2020 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was awarded to Harvey J.Alter,Michael Houghton,and Charles M.Rice to commend their contribution in the aspect of discovering hepatitis C virus(HCV).Alter and his team acquired C100-3 protein by utilizing recombinant yeast to express viral sequence segments and found the HCV antibody by performing radioimmunoassay.Houghton and his colleagues successfully created the c DNA library from the serum of non-A and non-B hepatitis patients in bacteriophage.Subsequently,the large-scale blind screening method was performed in the serum of patients,acquired clone 81 from the library screening as the clone 5-1-1 involving short sequences to be the probe,and confirmed HCV ultimately.In 1995,Rice and his collaborators completed the full-length HCV genome sequencing from the 3′terminal sequence using a quantitatively competitive reverse transcription PCR method and verified the full-length sequence has infectivity.This is the first causative agent entirely discovered by molecular biological techniques in human being’s history.Furthermore,Wakita with his team,acquired a full-length HCV genome from acute HCV patients and transformed viral RNA to Hun-7 cell to generate HCV virion in 2005.On this basis,Rice and his team successfully established the cell-cultured system that can effectively generate HCV with infectivity.According to the WHO latest data,there were approximately 71 million chronic HCV cases and nearly 400000 deaths globally in 2016.About 14%of the total HCV infected individuals worldwide lived in China.As a common infectious pathogen globally,HCV infection may cause severe threats and damages to human health,such as chronic hepatitis,liver cirrhosis,and hepatocellular carcinoma.The high genetic variation is major characteristics of HCV,which has phylogenetically generated more than 7 genotypes and hundreds of subtypes.The various genotypes and subtypes have distinct geographic distri

关 键 词：诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 慢性丙型肝炎病毒 药物治疗 慢性HCV感染 新数据 

分 类 号：R373[医药卫生—病原生物学]