Origins of cultivars of Chrysanthemum-Evidence from the chloroplast genome and nuclear LFY gene  

作　　者：Yue-Ping Ma Liang Zhao Wen-Jie Zhang Ying-Hua Zhang Xia Xing Xia-Xia Duan Jing Hu AJ Harris Pei-Liang Liu Si-Lan Dai Jun Wen 

机构地区：[1]College of Life and Health Sciences,Northeastern University,Shenyang 110004,China [2]College of Life Sciences,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,Shaanxi,China [3]Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization,South China Botanical Garden,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Guangzhou 510650,China [4]College of Life Sciences,Northwest University,Xi'an 710069,China [5]Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding,National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture and College of Landscape Architecture,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China [6]Department of Botany,National Museum of Natural History,MRC 166,Smithsonian Institution,Washington,DC 20013-7012,USA

出　　处：《Journal of Systematics and Evolution》2020年第6期925-944,共20页植物分类学报（英文版）

基　　金：the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.31872710,31470699,and 31770200).

摘　　要：The origins of cultivated chrysanthemums have attracted considerable attention,but they remain poorly known.Here,we reconstructed the phylogeny of representative well-known cultivars and wild species of the genus Chrysanthemum using chloroplast genomes and the nuclear LEAFY gene.Our results suggest that geographic and ecological factors may determine the opportunities for wild species to be involved in the origin of the cultivars.The wild species C.indicum,C.zawadskii,C.dichrum,C.nankingense,C.argyrophyllum,and C.vestitum were likely directly or indirectly involved as paternal species of most of the chrysanthemum cultivars examined in this study.Yet,the maternal species is supported to be a lineage of an extinct wild Chrysanthemum species and its subsequent cultivars,as all accessions of chrysanthemum cultivars sampled formed a strongly supported clade,distinct from all other species of Chrysanthemum in the plastome tree.Thus,the cultivated chrysanthemums originated from multiple hybridizations involving several paternal species rather than only two or a few wild species,with an extinct species and its subsequent cultivars serving as the maternal parents.This finding is consistent with Chrysanthemum having high rates of hybridization and gene flow,which has been demonstrated within previous studies;nevertheless,it is important to unravel the role of an extinct wild Chrysanthemum species as the ultimate maternal parent species for all the chrysanthemum cultivars.Our results also suggest that C.vestitum from Tianzhu and Funiu Mountains in Anhui and Henan Provinces of China represent two distinct cryptic species.

关 键 词：CHRYSANTHEMUM low copy nuclear gene NGS phylogenetic relationship 

分 类 号：Q94[生物学—植物学]