与HIAF装置相关的放射性核束物理研究  

Radioactive ion beam physics related to HIAF

作　　者：叶沿林[1] 杨晓菲 刘洋[1] 韩家兴 YE YanLin;YANG XiaoFei;LIU Yang;HAN JiaXing(State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology,School of Physics,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China)

机构地区：[1]北京大学物理学院核物理与核技术国家重点实验室,北京100871

出　　处：《中国科学：物理学、力学、天文学》2020年第11期21-30,共10页Scientia Sinica Physica,Mechanica & Astronomica

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(编号:2018YFA0404403);国家自然科学基金(编号:11535004,11875074,11875073)资助项目。

摘　　要：本文详述了放射性核束(Radioactive Ion Beam, RIB)物理所针对的科学问题、历史发展和未来机遇.自然界存在的稳定核素只有大约300个,在实验室或天体极高温环境中产生的不稳定核素可以达到上万个.这些放射性核素的产生和研究是对广阔未知核素版图的开拓,需要逐步发展新的装置手段和理论模型. RIB物理发展初期,已经获得一系列对原子核新的认知,如晕和集团等奇特结构、新幻数和壳演化、软巨共振等新的集体运动模式等.不稳定核的研究又与核天体过程以及攀登"超重元素稳定岛"密切相关,涉及当今国际聚焦的重大前沿交叉科学问题.不稳定核区的测量,也能够提供核燃料和核废料生成及演变中大量的核数据,具有重要的应用和战略价值.强流重离子加速器装置(High Intensity heavy-ion Accelerator Facility,HIAF)具有强流的优势,结合产生放射性束的先进技术与高水平的物理实验探测设备,有可能在一些重要的方面走到国际引领位置,同时显著提升我国核物理研究的整体水平.This article aims to describe the key scientific problems, historical developments and prospects of the Radioactive Ion Beam(RIB) physics. There exist only less than 300 stable nuclides in the universe, whereas the the number of unstable nuclei can be as high as 10000. The production and study of such radioactive nuclides(RIB physics) are an exploration of an undiscovered area, which necessities new experimental tools and theoretical models. Numerous new findings have been reported at the initial stage of RIB physics research based on new observations. Typical examples include the halo and cluster structures, new magic numbers, shell evolution and soft dipole resonances. The study of unstable nuclei is also closely related to that of nuclear astrophysics processes as well as the synthesis of superheavy nuclei, which are belonging to the most important interdisciplinary problems worldwide. Investigations on unstable nucleus provide experimental data for nuclear energy systems;thus, they have strategic application value. The advantages of HIAF are associated with high beam intensity. When combined with advanced technologies for RIB separation and experimental detection, HIAF would play certain leading roles in the international community.

关 键 词：放射性核束物理 核素版图 强流重离子加速器装置 

分 类 号：O571[理学—粒子物理与原子核物理]