基于HIAF集群的QCD相结构研究  

Study of the QCD phase structure at HIAF

作　　者：马余刚 许怒[3,4] 刘峰 MA YuGang;XU Nu;LIU Feng(Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Ion-beam Application(MOE),Institute of Modern Physics,Department of Nuclear Science and Technology,Fudan University,Shanghai 200433,China;Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shanghai 201800,China;College of Science and Technology,Central China Normal University,Wuhan 430079,China;Institute of Modern Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,China)

机构地区：[1]复旦大学核科学与技术系现代物理研究所核物理与离子束应用教育部重点实验室,上海200433 [2]中国科学院上海应用物理研究所,上海201800 [3]华中师范大学物理科学与技术学院,武汉430079 [4]中国科学院近代物理研究所,兰州730000

出　　处：《中国科学：物理学、力学、天文学》2020年第11期120-128,共9页Scientia Sinica Physica,Mechanica & Astronomica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(编号:11890710,11421505);中国科学院先导B研究项目(编号:34030200)资助。

摘　　要：相对论重离子碰撞(又称高能核-核碰撞)为研究极端条件下核物质内禀性质、致密星体内部结构和大爆炸之后宇宙的早期演化过程提供了途径.强相互作用的量子色动力学(QCD)理论预言存在着解禁闭的新物质状态夸克-胶子等离子体(QGP).经过近30年的努力,在极端相对论能区的核-核对撞实验中,包括RHIC和LHC的实验,科学家找到了QGP存在的证据.目前,高能核物理的一个重要的科学问题是高重子密度区的相结构,包括寻找相边界和可能存在的QCD临界点.量子热动力学基本原理告诉我们只有找到相边界或临界点才能最终确定新的物质相QGP的存在.我们首先回顾了高能核物理实验的研究现状,其中包括RHIC能量扫描实验中的强子集体运动、手征特性的研究和QCD临界点的寻找.然后对利用我国重离子加速器群,如Heavy Ion Research Facility in Lanzhou (HIRFL)和High Intensity heavy-ion Accelerator Facility (HIAF)以及CSR-External-target Experiment等开展高能核物理实验研究进行了展望.High-energy nuclear collisions offer a unique opportunity for studying the properties of the nuclear matter under extreme conditions, the evolution of the universe soon after the big bang as well as the inner structure of stars. Quantum Chromodynamics(QCD), the theory for strong interaction, has predicted the existence of the new form of matter, where the de-confined quarks and gluons move "freely" in a volume that is much larger than that of an ordinary nucleon, the quark-gluon plasma(QGP). After more than thirty years of searching, scientists have collected circumstantial evidences of QGP from the relativistic heavy-ion collisions at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider(RHIC) and the Large Hadron Collider(LHC). Thermodynamically one might expect phase boundary or/and critical point that accompany the new phase of matter. Nowadays the QCD phase structure, especially in the high baryon density region, has become the focus in order to search for the QCD phase boundary and possible critical point. In this article, the experimental status on the QCD phase structure will be reviewed. Discussion will include the collectivity, chirality and criticality in high-energy nuclear collisions. These will be followed by the discussion of the main physics programs for the future experiment. The CSR-External-target Experiment(CEE) at both HIRFL and HIAF accelerator complexes, will be discussed.

关 键 词：量子色动力学 相结构 临界点 手征性 集体流 核核碰撞 

分 类 号：O572.2[理学—粒子物理与原子核物理]