农业补贴、养老保障与农地转出  

Agricultural Subsidy,Old-age Security and Farmland Transfer

作　　者：刘进[1] 陆钰凤 许庆[1] LIU Jin;LU Yufeng;XU Qing

机构地区：[1]上海财经大学财经研究所,上海200433

出　　处：《农业技术经济》2020年第12期23-37,共15页Journal of Agrotechnical Economics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目“农地确权对农地流转的影响与应对研究——基于农村劳动力转移的视角”(编号:71673173);国家社会科学基金重点项目“深化农村集体产权制度改革研究”(编号:20AZD046);清华大学中国农村研究院2020年重点课题“乡村发展用地类型、供地方式及保障政策研究”(编号:CIRS2020-9);上海财经大学创新团队支持计划“稳步推进农村集体产权制度改革角度下农民获得更多土地财产权益的体制及机制创新研究”(编号:2018110693)。

摘　　要：理论上来说,土地的养老保障功能抑制了农地转出,不利于规模经营。从21世纪开始政府对农业生产进行补贴,激活了农地的财产性功能,部分替代了土地的养老保障功能,有利于农地转出,从而促进规模经营。本文利用2014年和2017年全国农村固定观察点调查数据,对此进行检验。结果显示:(1)无论是老年农户还是年轻农户,农业补贴皆表现出一定的养老保障功能,促进了农户转出农地。(2)总体上看,农业补贴的养老保障功能更为显著地提高了老年农户转出农地的概率,但是在转出规模上,对年轻农户的影响程度更大。(3)2015年开始的农业补贴改革,由于减少了收入型补贴额,使得补贴的养老保障功能对农地转出的作用有所弱化,但对老年农户的弱化程度相对较小。本文认为,今后应适当重视收入型农业补贴的养老保障功能,加大对老年农户的补贴力度,继而为促进农地流转和农业适度规模经营提供支持。Theoretically,the old-age security function of land inhibits farmland transfer,which is not conducive to scale management.However,an agricultural subsidy which was implemented at the beginning of this century activates the property function of land and partially replaces the old-age security function of land is conducive to farmland transfer and thus promotes scale management.Based on the nationally rural household panel data in 2014 and 2017,this paper tested the impact of the agricultural subsidy on farmland transfer.The results showed that agricultural subsidy had a certain function of old-age security and thus promoted farmland transfer.On the whole,the old-age security function of agricultural subsidy significantly increased the probability of the elderly households9 farmland transfer,but on the scale of farmland transfer,the old-age security function of agricultural subsidy had a greater impact on the young households.Besides,the agricultural subsidy reform began in 2015 reduced income-based subsidy and weakened the effect of the old-age security function of subsidy on farmland transfer,with less effect on elderly households.This paper proposes that to promote farmland transfer and optimum-scale management,the old-age security function of income-based agricultural subsidy should be atta-ched more importance,and subsidy to elderly households ought to be increased.

关 键 词：农业补贴 养老保障 农地转出 

分 类 号：F321.1[经济管理—产业经济] F323.89F812.8