农户兼业、生产环节外包与农业种植结构“趋粮化”  

Farmers’part-time employment,production outsourcing and grain-oriented planting structure

作　　者：周利平[1] 昝祺祺 翁贞林[2] ZHOU Li-ping;ZAN Qi-qi;WENG Zhen-lin(School of Humanities and Public Management,Jiangxi Agricultural University,Nanchang,Jiangxi 330045,China;School of Economics and Management,Jiangxi Agricultural University,Nanchang,Jiangxi 330045,China)

机构地区：[1]江西农业大学人文与公共管理学院,江西南昌330045 [2]江西农业大学经济管理学院,江西南昌330045

出　　处：《农业现代化研究》2021年第1期78-84,共7页Research of Agricultural Modernization

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(71573111);国家自然科学基金重点项目(71333004);国家自然科学基金政策研究重点支持项目(71742003)。

摘　　要：粮食安全是国家安全的重要基础。随着农户兼业化趋势的加强,农村务农劳动力不断流失,生产外包服务市场不断发展,在这个大背景下,农户兼业和生产环节外包对农业种植结构"趋粮化"的影响引发社会各界关注。本文基于全国9省调查数据,通过构建中介效应检验模型分析三者之间的作用逻辑及因果关系。研究结果表明:农户兼业在总体上促进种植结构"趋粮化",生产环节外包特征变量在农户兼业影响种植结构调整的过程中发挥部分中介效应,此外,被访者性别、年龄、家庭总收入、村庄地形和交通设施对农户粮食种植结构调整也存在显著影响。据此,本文认为,为引导农户种植结构"趋粮化",保障国家粮食安全,要合理引导农村劳动力外流,统筹城乡发展;推动农业生产环节外包市场的发育与完善,提高农业生产过程中的外包服务率;同时,制定合理的价格支持政策,保障农户种粮积极性。Grain security is an important foundation of national security.With the strengthening of the trend of farmers’part-time employment,the rural labor force is constantly losing,and the production outsourcing service market is developing continuously.In this context,the influence of the farmers’part-time employment and production outsourcing on the"grain-oriented planting structure"has attracted the attention of all sectors of the society.Based on a survey data of nine provinces in China,this paper investigates the logic and causal relationship among farmers’part-time employment,production outsourcing and"grain-oriented planting structure"by constructing a mediating effect test model.Results show that:both farmers’part-time employment and production outsourcing can induce farmers to grow grain crops,and farmers’part-time employment can not only directly affect the adjustment of agricultural planting structure,but also partially and indirectly affect the"grain-oriented planting structure"through production outsourcing.In addition,gender,age,total household income,village topography and transportation facilities also have significant effects on the adjustment of grain planting structure.Therefore,in order to guide the"grain trend"of farmers’planting structure and ensure national grain security,this paper suggests to reasonably guide the outflow of rural labor force to coordinate urban and rural development,to promote the development and improvement of agricultural production outsourcing market to improve the outsourcing service rate in the process of agricultural production,and to formulate reasonable price support policies to protect farmers’enthusiasm for growing grains.

关 键 词：兼业 生产环节外包 种植结构 趋粮化 中介效应 

分 类 号：F306[经济管理—产业经济]