16世纪初佛罗伦萨迈向近代民族国家的三种政治模式  

Three Florentine Political Models toward Modern Nation-State in the Early 16th Century

作　　者：杜佳峰 Du Jiafeng

机构地区：[1]北京大学哲学系,北京100871

出　　处：《历史教学（下半月）》2021年第2期17-21,共5页History Teaching

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“西方史学史谱系中文明史范式研究”(项目编辑:19ZDA236)阶段性研究成果

摘　　要：16世纪初,法国、西班牙等欧洲国家在君主的统治下,走上了发展近代国家的道路。而以佛罗伦萨为代表的意大利城邦共和国却遭遇严重危机为了克服危机,3位佛罗伦萨政治家提出3种改革设想.形成了3种政治模式:吉罗拉莫·萨沃纳罗拉的市民共和国模式、弗朗切斯科·圭恰迪尼的温和兼容模式、尼科洛·马基雅维里的富民强兵模式。3种模式虽有差异,但都注重人民对近代民族国家兴起的推动力.维护人民的政治和经济利益,通过民意来调整政治结构。从佛罗伦萨的3种政治模式中,可以发现共和制的意大利国家有自己向近代民族国家过渡的特殊路径。At the beginning of the 16 th century, European countries began to move towards modern state,France and Spain developed into nation-state under the rule of monarchs. Whereas the Italian city-state republic had encountered serious crisis, especially Florence as a typical example. In order to overcome the crisis, three Florentine politicians proposed three reform assumptions,and formed three political models: Girolamo Savonarola’s Citizen Republic Model, Francesco Guicciardini’s model of compatibility, and Niccolò Machiavelli’s model of enrich people and strengthen soldiers. Although there were differences between these modes, they all focused on the people’s driving force for the rise of modern nation-state, defended the people’s political and economic interests, and adjusted the political structure through public opinion. From these three political models of Florence, it can be found that the republican Italian country has its own special path to transition to modern nation-state.

关 键 词：近代民族国家 市民共和国模式.温和兼容模式 富民强兵模式 

分 类 号：K13[历史地理—历史学]