中山市2019年国家免疫规划疫苗接种率及其影响因素调查  

Vaccination rates of the national immunization program and their influencing factors in Zhongshan City, 2019

作　　者：王翠玲[1] 吕海英[1] 黄恩妙[1] 蔡乾春[1] 陈小红[1] WANG Cui-ling;LYU Hai-ying;HUANG En-miao;CAI Qian-chun;CHEN Xiao-hong(Zhongshan Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Zhongshan,Guangdong 528400,China)

机构地区：[1]中山市疾病预防控制中心,广东中山528400

出　　处：《实用预防医学》2021年第3期295-298,共4页Practical Preventive Medicine

基　　金：中山市科学技术局立项,中山市科技计划项目(2017B1077)。

摘　　要：目的调查中山市儿童国家免疫规划(national immunization program,NIP)疫苗接种率及其影响因素。方法采用批质量保证抽样方法在全市24个乡镇各抽取60名1~8岁儿童开展NIP疫苗接种率调查,采用病例对照研究探讨接种率的影响因素。结果共调查1 440名儿童。除A群脑膜炎球菌多糖疫苗第2剂(the second dose of group A meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine,MPV-A2)、A群C群脑膜炎球菌多糖疫苗第2剂(the second dose of groups A and C meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine,MPV-AC2)、白破疫苗(diphtheria and tetanus combinedvaccine,DT)外,其余19剂次NIP疫苗接种率均≥95.0%。22剂次NIP疫苗接种率达标乡镇的构成比在16.7%~100.0%。HepB1、MCV1及时接种率依次为91.0%、62.1%。logistic回归分析发现:母亲文化程度低、看护人是外/祖父母、儿童经常生病、接种门诊工作人员不足、监护人认为接种疫苗不重要、监护人不知道儿童入学需查验接种证是儿童NIP疫苗接种率的危险因素(均为P<0.05)。结论中山市儿童NIP疫苗接种率维持在较高水平,但部分乡镇的部分疫苗接种率仍有待提高。应针对接种率危险因素采取相应措施,进一步提高儿童NIP疫苗接种率。Objective To investigate the vaccination rates of the national immunization program(NIP) and their influencing factors among children in Zhongshan City. Methods The Lot Quality Assurance Sampling(LQAS) method was used to select 60 children aged 1-8 years from each of 24 towns in Zhongshan City, and then the vaccination rates of the NIP were surveyed. A case-control study was conducted to explore the factors influencing the vaccination rates. Results A total of 1,440 children were investigated. Among the 22 surveyed doses in the NIP, the vaccination rates of all the doses were ≥ 95% except the second dose of group A meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine(MPV-A2), the second dose of groups A and C meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine(MPV-AC2)and diphtheria and tetanus combined vaccine(DT). The proportions of towns with vaccination rates reaching the standard of the NIP were between 16.7% and 100.0%. The timely vaccination rates of HepB1 and MCV1 were 91.0% and 62. 1%,respectively. Logistic regression analysis showed that low educational level of mothers,grandparents as caregivers,children’s frequent illness,insufficient vaccination clinic staff,unimportant vaccination in the opinion of guardian and ignorance of the need to check the vaccination certificate for children’s enrollment were risk factors for the vaccination rates of the NIP.Conclusions The vaccination rates of the NIP in children aged 1-8 years in Zhongshan City maintain at a high level,but the vaccination rates of some vaccines in some towns still need to be improved. Targeted measures based on the risk factors for the vaccination rates should be taken to further improve the vaccination rates of the NIP in children.

关 键 词：疫苗 国家免疫规划 接种率 影响因素 

分 类 号：R186[医药卫生—流行病学]