我国青贮玉米育种现状和遗传改良策略  

Genetic Improvement Status and Strategies of Silage Maize in China

作　　者：刘杭 侯乐新 王方明 张玉强 李建生[2] 丁宁 LIU Hang;HOU Le-xin;WANG Fang-ming;ZHANG Yu-qiang;LI Jian-sheng;DING Ning(Beijing Dajingjiu Agricultural Development Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100085;China Agricultural University,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]北京大京九农业开发有限公司,北京100085 [2]中国农业大学,北京100083

出　　处：《玉米科学》2021年第1期1-7,共7页Journal of Maize Sciences

摘　　要：分析我国2004~2017年28个国审青贮玉米品种的杂种优势群和杂优模式,采用系谱分析法可将其分为6个杂种优势群、8种杂优模式,其中,温热Ⅰ群×瑞德黄、旅大红骨×温热Ⅰ群、瑞德黄×热带种质、温热Ⅰ群×高油4种杂优模式最具代表性,其中,归为温热Ⅰ群的有16个系,有14个品种含有其血缘,占28个品种的50%;有13个品种达品质一级标准。生物产量和纤维品质是青贮玉米遗传改良的两大目标,以青贮专用型、粮饲通用型为主,饲草型为辅是青贮玉米育种的方向。建立现代遗传改良技术平台,拓宽种质资源遗传改良基础是青贮玉米育种重要技术手段。采取"高大严选、逆境鉴定"的选系方法,以单交种为主、三交种和双交种为辅的组配方式,完善各级品种试验程序,有利于取得青贮玉米遗传改良的重大突破。Heterosis group and heterosis model of 28 nationally examined silage maize varieties released from 2004 to 2017 were analyzed,and 6 heterosis group and 8 heterosis model were divided with the method of pedigree analysis,in which 4 heterosis model that of Temperate-tropicⅠgroup×Raid yellow group,LD group×TemperatetropicⅠgroup,Raid yellow group×Tropical germplasm and Temperate-tropicⅠgroup×High oil were the most representative.There were most 16 inbred lines belonged to the Temperate-tropicⅠgroup,and 14 varieties contained its consanguinity,accounting for 50%of the 28 varieties;in which the quality standards of 13 varieties reached to the first class.Biomass and fiber quality are two major breeding purpose of silage maize improvement.In the future improvement of silage maize,silage type and grain combining silage type should be the main types,and forage type is supplementary one.The silage varieties having high biomass,good fiber quality,resistance to lodge and disease should be selected.Collecting excellent germplasm resources and broadening the basis of genetic improvement as well as establishing modern genetic improvement technology platform should be paid more attention to.Regarding varieties types,single cross is dominant,triple cross and double crosses are secondary.

关 键 词：青贮玉米 遗传改良 育种 策略 方法 

分 类 号：S513.035.1[农业科学—作物学]