西南玉米机械粒收质量现状及影响因素分析  

Current Quality Status and Influencing Factors of Maize Mechanical Grain Harvesting in Southwest Maize Region

作　　者：孔凡磊[1] 赵波 周茂林[2] 宋碧[3] 雷恩[4] 李钟 李小龙 陈祥 袁继超[1] KONG Fan-lei;ZHAO Bo;ZHOU Mao-lin;SONG Bi;LEI En;LI Zhong;LI Xiao-long;CHEN Xiang;YUAN Ji-chao(College of Agronomy,Sichuan Agricultural University/Crop Ecophysiology and Cultivation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province,Chengdou 611130;Corn Research Institute,Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Jiulongpo 401329;College of Agronomy,Guizhou Agricultural University,Guiyang 550025;Honghe University,Honghe 661106;Nanchong Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanchong 637000,China)

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学农学院/作物生理生态及栽培四川省重点实验室,成都611130 [2]重庆市农业科学院玉米所,重庆九龙坡401329 [3]贵州大学农学院,贵阳550025 [4]红河学院,云南红河661106 [5]南充市农业科学院,四川南充637000

出　　处：《玉米科学》2021年第1期120-127,共8页Journal of Maize Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0300307,2017YFD0301704)。

摘　　要：本文基于2017~2018年在西南4个省市开展的机械粒收试验,分析当前西南玉米区机械粒收质量现状,探讨影响粒收质量的主要因素。结果表明,子粒破碎率和损失率高是当前西南玉米机械粒收面临的主要问题。西南玉米区机械粒收子粒破碎率平均为7.41%,机收总损失率平均为5.84%,均高于"玉米收获机械技术条件"(GBT-21961—2008)要求。子粒破碎率、杂质率与子粒含水率显著正相关,落穗损失率、总损失率与子粒含水率极显著负相关。子粒含水率降低有利于降低破碎率、杂质率,但子粒含水率过低会导致落穗损失率和总损失率显著提高。玉米粒收质量存在区域、品种和机型间差异。针对不同玉米生产区域生态特点,开展适宜机械粒收品种、收获条件和粒收机具的研究,是推动玉米机械粒收技术的快速发展和应用的关键。Based on the mechanical grain harvest experiments carried out in four provinces and cities in southwest China from 2017 to 2018, this paper analyzed the quality of mechanical grain harvesting and main factors that affected the grain harvest quality. The results showed that, high grain breakage rate and loss rate were the main quality problems of maize mechanical harvesting in southwest China. The average grain breaken rate was 7.41%, and the average total grain loss rate was 5.84%. The grain breaken rate and total grain loss rate were both higher than the national standard of 5% ["Technical requirements for maize combine harvester"(GBT-21961-2008)]. There was significant positive correlation between grain breakage rate, impurity rate and grain moisture content, while ear loss rate and total grain loss rate were significantly negative correlation with grain moisture content. Reducing the grain moisture content was beneficial to reduce the grain breakage rate and impurity rate, while it increased the ear loss rate and total grain loss rate. Mechanical grain harvesting quality of maize was different among regions, varieties and combine harvesters. According to the ecological characteristics of maize production region, Carrying out the research on suitable varieties, harvesting conditions and grain harvesting machines were the key measurements to promote the rapid development and application of maize mechanical grain harvesting technology.

关 键 词：玉米 机械粒收 破碎率 杂质率 子粒损失率 

分 类 号：S513.091[农业科学—作物学]