不同类型玉米品种耐低磷评价  

Study on the Response of Maize Varieties to Phosphorus Deficiency

作　　者：黄卓娆 程艳波[2] 黄华 吴意 江炳志 年海[2] HUANG Zhuo-rao;CHENG Yan-bo;HUANG Hua(Zhaoqing Seed Management Station,Zhaoqing,Guangdong 526040;College of Agriculture,South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou,Guangdong 510642;Shanghai Yipai Information Technology Co.,Ltd.,Shanghai 200000)

机构地区：[1]肇庆市种子管理站,广东肇庆526040 [2]华南农业大学农学院,广东广州510642 [3]上海一拍信息科技有限公司,上海200000 [4]广东天人山水旅游管理有限公司,广东广州510900 [5]广东省农业科学院作物研究所/广东省农作物遗传改良重点实验室,广东广州510640

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2021年第5期158-161,共4页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：引进国际先进农业科学技术计划(948计划)资助项目(991023);华南农业大学大学生科技创新项目。

摘　　要：设置3个磷水平,测试农大108、墨西哥类玉米、甜玉米、玉米草1、玉米草2在不同磷水平下的反应,比较其耐低磷性的差异。结果表明,玉米苗初期不同水平下各玉米品种的株高差异不显著,表明经短期低磷处理玉米生长不受其影响。但出苗后30 d各品种不同磷水平下的株高差异显著。在不同时期的低磷水平下,类玉米的株高均最小,表明其生长受低磷胁迫影响较大。而处理48 d后,不同磷水平下的地上部干重、根系干重、根长、根表面积等均存在差异,但各个品种的差异程度,不同品种间也存在明显差异(α=0.05)。类玉米在各项指标测试中均表现为磷敏感性,但其与普通玉米、甜玉米的杂交F 1代有较好的耐低磷特性。特别是玉米草2,其根长相对值、根表面积相对值、地上部和根系干重相对值均最大,与其他品种差异显著,表明其有较高的磷吸收效率。杂交品种同时具有类玉米的分蘖能力。低磷水平下,农大108、墨西哥类玉米、普通玉米及玉米草2出现紫叶现象。玉米草2在中磷水平下叶片也有紫斑出现,因此认为紫叶现象与其品种特性和受低磷胁迫均有关。玉米草1株高、地上部干重、根干重、根长、根表面积具有超亲遗传现象,而玉米草2具有中亲或低亲遗传现象;在低磷、中磷和高磷处理下,玉米草1的干重分别是类玉米干重的3.55、2.42和1.64倍,类玉米是生产上推广的玉米草品种,该研究结果表明,玉米草1的产量明显高于类玉米,具有更大的推广潜力。This experiment evaluated the responses of hybrid Nongda108,annualteosinte,sweet corn,maize grass 1,ordinary corn and maize grass 2 to various phosphorus applications.The result indicated at the corn seedling initial period,no great differences in response to different levels were observed among the corn varieties in plant height,which indicated that corn wasn’t influenced after the short-term of low phosphorus stress.But after the emergence of 30 days each variety showed that there were significant differences in plant heights of these varieties.Plant height of annualteosinte was smallest in low phosphorus level of different period,which showed that influence of its growth condition by low phosphorus was bigger than others.After 48 days treatment,dry weight and root dry weight,root surface were different at three P levels,and significant difference among the different varieties also existed(α=0.05).Annualteosinte was sensitive to the phosphorus application,but the hybrids between annual teosinte and the ordinary corn or sweet corn had good adaptation to the low phosphorus stress.Especially maize grass 2,its long relative value,the root surface area relative value,root surface and the root system dry weight relative value were biggest among the samples,which had obvious difference compared with others.The conditions indicated that it had the high phosphorus absorption efficiency.The hybrid variety had simultaneously the same tiller ability as annualteosinte.Under the low phosphorus stress,hybrid Nongda 108,annualteosinte,the ordinary corn and a hybrid between maize grass 2 had presented the purple leaves and the leaf blade of maize grass 2 also had the purple leaves at the moderate phosphorus level,indicating that the purple leaf phenomenon was related to P deficiency.

关 键 词：玉米 墨西哥类玉米 根系性状 磷效率 评价 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]