不同水稻种质资源重要农艺性状与发芽期耐寒性鉴定研究  

Evaluation of Agronomic Traits and Cold Tolerance at Germination Stage in Rice(Oryza sativa L.)Germplasms

作　　者：潘晓雪[1] 胡明瑜[1] 王忠伟 吴红[1] 雷开荣[1] Pan Xiaoxue;Hu Mingyu;Wang Zhongwei;Wu Hong;Lei Kairong(Biotechnology Research Center,Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Chongqing Key Laboratory of Adversity Agriculture Research,Chongqing 401329,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆市农业科学院生物技术研究中心/逆境农业研究重庆市重点实验室,重庆401329

出　　处：《作物杂志》2021年第1期47-53,共7页Crops

基　　金：重庆市市级农发良种创新(NKY-2019AB013)。

摘　　要：对106份水稻材料的12个农艺性状进行两年(2018-2019年)田间测定,比较分析不同材料间的性状及多样性指数差异,以低温处理下的发芽率为标准对水稻种质资源发芽期耐寒性进行评价。结果表明,12个农艺性状中,除了千粒重、茎粗和每穗总粒数外,其他9个性状的遗传多样性指数均小于2.00;单株产量、每穗总粒数和每穗实粒数的变异系数分别为22.08%、21.89%和22.25%,谷粒宽变异系数最小,为7.90%。共筛选出23份特异种质资源,其中大穗型品种9个,高单株产量型品种4个,籽粒细长型品种10个。聚类分析可将106份水稻材料分为3个类群,类群Ⅰ、类群Ⅱ和类群Ⅲ占比分别为15.1%、47.2%和37.7%。通过主成分分析可将12个农艺性状指标转换为5个主成分因子(PC1~PC5),得到84.19%的累计贡献率。利用综合指标值(PC1~PC5)和相关公式得到相应模糊隶属函数和权重,最终获得综合评价种质资源农艺性状的D值,排名前10名的种质资源为77D、万恢355-2、宜恢1577、南恢533、176-15、丰788、万恢86、杨福6号、蜀恢527和176-6。低温胁迫导致水稻种子发芽率降低,种质间的发芽率存在显著差异,其中176-6、176-15、桂99和糯稻89-1发芽期耐寒性强,为1级耐寒种质。筛选到的耐寒种质和综合性状优良的种质可为培育适宜直播的新品种提供材料。The 12 agronomic traits of 106 rice cultivars collected from Chongqing were identified via a two-year field trial(2018-2019),the traits and genetic diversity indexes differences between different rice varieties were compared and analyzed;germination rate was used to comprehensively evaluate the cold tolerance of rice at germination stage.The results showed that the variation range of genetic diversity index of nine traits less than 2.00 among 12 agronomic traits except 1000-grain weight,stalk diameter and grain number per panicle;the variation coefficient of the dry weight of ears per plant,grain number per panicle and filled grain number per panicle were 22.08%,21.89%and 22.25%,respectively,while the grain width was the lowest(7.90%).Twenty-three specific varieties were screened,containing nine large-ear varieties,four high dry weight of ears per plant varieties and ten grain slenderness varieties.Through cluster analysis,106 rice germplasm were divided into three groups,accounting for 15.1%(groupⅠ),47.2%(groupⅡ),and 37.7%(groupⅢ),respectively.The results of principal component analysis showed that total contribution rate of the first five main component factors(PC1-PC5)including 12 agronomic traits with accumulative contribution of 84.19%.An objective comprehensive evaluation value(D-value)of rice agronomic traits was obtained using membership function with index weight method.The top ten of the D-value of germplasm resources were 77D,Wanhui355-2,Yihui1577,Nanhui533,176-15,Feng788,Wanhui86,Yangfu6,Shuhui527 and 176-6.There were significant differences in germination rate among different rice germplasms,and four germplasms including 176-6,176-15,Gui 99,and glutinous Rice 89-1 were selected with high germination rate under low temperature.These germplasms with cold-tolerance and better comprehensive traits can be used for breeding in direct seeding rice.

关 键 词：水稻 种质资源 农艺性状 发芽期耐寒性 综合评价 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]