湖南主要大田作物系统投入产出的能值分析  

Emergy Analysis of Inputs and Outputs of MajorField Crop Ecosystems in Hunan Province

作　　者：周江[1] 谢宜章[2] 向平安[1,2] Zhou Jiang;Xie Yizhang;Xiang Ping'an(Rural Ecosystem Health Laboratory of Hunan Dongting Lake Area,Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha 410128,Hunan,China;Business School,Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha 410128,Hunan,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南农业大学洞庭湖区域农村生态系统健康湖南省重点实验室,湖南长沙410128 [2]湖南农业大学商学院,湖南长沙410128

出　　处：《作物杂志》2021年第1期175-181,共7页Crops

基　　金：湖南省自然科学基金项目(2020JJ5265);国家科技支撑计划(2012BAD14B17);湖南省教育厅科学研究优秀青年项目(19B255);湖南省社科成果评审委员会项目(XSP20YBC402)。

摘　　要：比较不同作物系统的投入产出,是优化作物生产结构和设计农田可持续经营政策的重要前提。采用能值分析法,对湖南油菜、棉花、烤烟和水稻系统的投入产出情况进行分析,并比较各系统的能值评价指标。研究发现,整体上这4种作物系统的投入对自然资源依赖程度较低,主要依靠市场投入,具体表现为机械与燃料能值投入增加,农用化学品投入占比基本不变,人力投入与有机肥投入减少。尽管4种作物系统的环境负载率均小于3,但都呈上升趋势。这4种作物系统的能值可持续发展指数顺序为油菜>棉花>水稻>烤烟。本研究表明,传统利润率严重低估油菜、棉花和水稻系统对环境的贡献。鉴于油菜系统对环境压力较小,在注意控制其环境负载率的前提下,可适当扩大其种植规模。Comparing the inputs and outputs of different field crop ecosystems is an important prerequisite for optimizing crop production structure and designing sustainable farmland management policies.In this paper,the inputoutput status of oilseed rape,cotton,flue-cured tobacco,and rice ecosystems in Hunan province was analyzed using the emergy analysis method.The emergy evaluation indexes of each ecosystem were compared.It was found that the inputs of four crop ecosystems were less dependent on natural resources and mainly rely on market inputs.Specifically,the input of emergy of machinery and fuel increased,the input of agricultural chemicals remained unchanged,and the input of manpower and organic fertilizer decreased.Although the environmental load ratios(ELR)of the four crop ecosystems were all less than three,they all showed an upward trend.The order of emergy sustainability index(ESI)of four crop ecosystems was oilseed rape>cotton>rice>flue-cured tobacco.This paper argued that conventional profit margins seriously underestimate the contribution of oilseed rape,cotton,and rice ecosystems to environment.In view of the low environmental pressure of oilseed rape ecosystem,considering the control of its ELR,its planting scale can be appropriately expanded.

关 键 词：油菜 棉花 烤烟 水稻 能值分析 效率 湖南 

分 类 号：S31[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术]