贵州万山汞矿区稻田土壤汞的分布及污染特征  

Temporal and Spatial Distribution and Pollution Characteristics of Mercury in Paddy Soils of the Wanshan Mercury Mining Area,Guizhou Province

作　　者：高令健 毛康 张伟[1,2] 崔子康 陆本琦 黄国培 张军方 冯新斌 张华[1] 商立海[1] GAO Ling-jian;MAO Kang;ZHANG Wei;CUI Zi-kang;LU Ben-qi;HUANG Guo-pei;ZHANG Jun-fang;FENG Xin-bin;ZHANG Hua;SHANG Li-hai(State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry,Institute of Geochemistry,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Guiyang 550081,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Guizhou Institute of Environmental Scientific Research and Design,Guiyang 550081,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地球化学研究所,环境地球化学国家重点实验室,贵阳550081 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]贵州省环境科学研究设计院,贵阳550081

出　　处：《矿物岩石地球化学通报》2021年第1期148-154,共7页Bulletin of Mineralogy, Petrology and Geochemistry

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41931297,U1612442,41877405);贵州省社发攻关项目(黔科合[2016]支撑2804号)。

摘　　要：受历史汞矿开采活动影响,万山汞矿区稻田遭受了严重的汞污染。为了查明万山汞矿区稻田土壤的汞污染现状以及评估其环境质量改善情况,系统采集了受汞矿区影响的五条主干河流沿岸稻田土壤进行汞含量分析,评价总汞和甲基汞污染程度及其生态风险,并与2008年以来该区域稻田土壤汞数据进行对比。结果表明,研究区稻田土壤的总汞含量为0.21~207 mg/kg,几何平均值为(4.26±4.83)mg/kg;甲基汞含量为0.42~13μg/kg,几何平均值为(1.81±1.93)μg/kg。59%的稻田土壤处于重度汞污染,75%的稻田土壤存在极强的汞潜在生态风险。与已往数据相比,稻田土壤汞含量在2012年后呈下降趋势,基本反映了当地汞防治措施的执行效果。为了避免稻田土壤汞污染引起的安全健康风险,今后应采取除污染源治理以外的土壤修复措施或风险管控措施。Due to influences of historical mercury mining and other activities,paddy fields in the Wanshan mercury mining area had been seriously polluted by mercury.To understand the present mercury pollution situation of paddy fields and to evaluate the environmental quality improvement of paddy soils in the Wanshan mercury mining area,we systematically collected paddy soil samples along five main rivers of the area,analyzed their pollution degrees of total mercury and methylmercury,evaluated their ecological risks,and then compared with corresponding data of 2008.The results showed that the total mercury contents of paddy soils in the area ranged from 0.21 to 207 mg/kg,with a geometric mean of(4.26±4.83)mg/kg and the methylmercury contents ranged from 0.42 to 13μg/kg,with a geometric mean of(1.81±1.93)μg/kg,and that 59%of paddy soil samples were heavily polluted by mercury and 75%of paddy soil samples had the strong potential ecological risk of mercury.Compared with previous data,it was found that mercury contents in paddy soils showed a downward trend after 2012,reflecting the implementation effect of the local mercury source control.To avoid safety and health risks of the mercury pollution in paddy soils,besides the pollution source control,the remediation and risk control of paddy soils should be taken in the future.

关 键 词：汞矿区 稻田土壤 总汞 甲基汞 污染风险评价 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]