高湿度条件下HTV硅橡胶材料电晕老化特性  

Corona Aging Characteristics of HTV Silicone Rubber Material Under High Humidity Conditions

作　　者：毕茂强 潘爱川 董扬 杨俊伟 江天炎 陈曦 BI Maoqiang;PAN Aichuan;DONG Yang;YANG Junwei;JIANG Tianyan;CHEN Xi(School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering,Chongqing Lniversity of Technology,Chongqing 400054,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆理工大学电气与电子工程学院,重庆400054

出　　处：《中国材料进展》2021年第1期74-80,共7页Materials China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51607019);重庆市教委科学技术研究项目(KJ1709194)。

摘　　要：复合绝缘子在我国电网中已得到大规模应用,高湿度条件下运行中的绝缘子两端在强电场条件下极易发生电晕放电,使绝缘子外套硅橡胶材料劣化,严重时可导致绝缘子闪络,威胁电网的安全运行。以一种复合绝缘子外套用硅橡胶材料为试品,采用多针-板电极,在高湿度(RH>95%)环境中对其进行100 h的电晕老化试验,并采用静态接触角、扫描电镜(SEM)、核磁共振(NMR)和傅立叶红外光谱(FTIR)等方法分析了试品的电晕老化特性。研究结果表明:高湿度条件下硅橡胶材料憎水性大幅降低,静态接触角由108.45°下降至55.47°,憎水性受到严重破坏;材料表面出现龟裂,微观表面出现裂纹、孔洞、沟壑;老化后材料的横向弛豫时间T_(2)出现下降,内部H原子所在化学键与基团发生改变;部分分子主链断裂,微观结构发生变化,形成亲水性的—OH,绝缘性能降低。该研究结果可为我国西南地区或沿海、多雨和多雾等高湿度地区的复合绝缘子的设计、运行及维护提供一定的参考。Composite insulators have been widely used in China’s power grids.Both ends of the insulators operating under high humidity conditions are prone to corona discharge under strong electric field conditions,which will degrade the silicone rubber material of insulator jackets,and cause the insulator to flashover and threaten the safe operation of the power grid in severe cases.In this paper,a composite rubber insulator is used as a test piece,and a multi-needle-plate electrode is used to perform a 100 h corona aging test in a high humidity(RH>95%)environment,and static contact angle,scanning electron microscopy(SEM),nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR)are used to analyze the corona aging characteristics of the samples.The results show that the hydrophobicity of the silicone rubber material is greatly reduced under high humidity conditions,the static contact angle is reduced from 108.45°to 55.47°,and the hydrophobicity is seriously damaged.Cracks appear on the surface of the material,cracks,holes and gullies appear on the microscopic surface.The transverse relaxation time T_(2) of the material decreases after aging,and the chemical bonds and groups of the internal H atoms change.Some of the molecular main chains break and the microstructure changes,and the hydrophilic—OH is formed,and the electrical properties are reduced.The research results in this paper can provide a certain reference for the design,operation and maintenance of composite insulators in southwestern China or coastal,rainy and foggy areas with high humidity.

关 键 词：硅橡胶 电晕老化 憎水性 核磁共振 高湿度环境 

分 类 号：TM211[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]