氮肥运筹对豫北冬小麦产量、品质及氮素利用率的影响  

Effects of Nitrogen Management on the Yield,Quality and Nitrogen Utilization Efficiency of Winter Wheat in Northern Henan

作　　者：吴秀萍 WU Xiu-ping(Agricultural and Rural Bureau of Nanle County,Puyang of Henan Province,Nanle,Henan 457400)

机构地区：[1]河南省濮阳市南乐县农业农村局,河南南乐457400

出　　处：《辽宁农业科学》2021年第1期26-29,共4页Liaoning Agricultural Sciences

摘　　要：为探索豫北地区冬小麦氮肥最佳使用方式,以“中麦578”为供试材料,以不施氮肥作为对照处理,研究了氮肥不同基施(基肥)和追施(拔节肥)比例对冬小麦产量、品质及氮素利用率的影响,结果表明:在同一施氮量下,在拔节期追施氮肥可有效的提高小麦的最高茎穗数、有效穗数和产量,改善小麦籽粒品质,提高氮吸收利用率、氮农学利用率和氮偏生产力,并以基肥∶拔节肥=5∶5的处理效果最佳。该处理的茎蘖成穗率达到29.39%,产量615.73 kg/667m^(2),氮吸收利用率和农学利用率分别达到53.25%、14.56%,并显著改善了小麦籽粒品质,增加了蛋白质、湿面筋含量,是兼顾小麦产量、品质和氮素利用效率的最佳氮肥基追比,可以在豫北地区冬小麦生产中应用推广。In order to explore the best use of nitrogen fertilizer for winter wheat in northern Henan,"Zhongmai 578"was used as the test material,and no nitrogen fertilizer was used as a control treatment.The different base application(basic fertilizer)and topdressing(joint fertilizer)of nitrogen fertilizer were studied.The effect of the ratio on the yield,quality and nitrogen utilization efficiency of winter wheat.The results show that under the same nitrogen application rate,applying nitrogen fertilizer at the jointing stage can effectively increase the maximum number of stalks,effective ears and yield of wheat,and improve wheat grains.Quality,improve nitrogen absorption and utilization,nitrogen agronomic utilization and nitrogen partial productivity,and the best effect is the treatment of base fertilizer∶jointing fertilizer=5∶5.The treatment yields 29.39%,yields 615.73 kg/667m^(2),nitrogen absorption and agronomic utilization rates reach 53.25%and 14.56%respectively,and significantly improves wheat grain quality,increases protein and wet gluten content.It is the best nitrogen fertilizer base to dressing ratio that takes into account wheat yield,quality and nitrogen use efficiency,and can be applied and popularized in winter wheat production in northern Henan.

关 键 词：氮肥 产量 品质 氮农学利用率 氮吸收利用率 

分 类 号：S147.2[农业科学—肥料学]