辽东地区肥料深施对不同密度玉米产量的影响  

Effect of Deep Fertilizer Application on Maize with Different Plant Densities in Eastern Region of Liaoning Province

作　　者：薛兵东[1] 张丽丽[1] 樊叶[1] 仇真[1] 莫姣娇[1] 张嫣然[1] 刘懿萱[1] 周旭梅[1] 王德新[1] XUE Bing-dong;ZHANG Li-li;FAN Ye;QIU Zhen;MO Jiao-jiao;ZHANG Yan-ran;LIU Yi-xuan;ZHOU Xu-mei;WANG De-xin(Dandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Dandong,Liaoning 118109)

机构地区：[1]丹东农业科学院,辽宁丹东118109

出　　处：《辽宁农业科学》2021年第1期74-76,共3页Liaoning Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：粮食丰产增效科技创新项目(2017YFD0300705-A04;2016YFD0300304)。

摘　　要：为探明辽宁东部地区施肥深度对玉米产量的影响,选用玉米品种丹玉801,采用田间试验方法,设施肥深度与种植密度2因素处理,其中施肥深度设深施(种下15 cm,S)、普通施肥(种下5 cm,P),种植密度为37500株/hm 2(D 1)、52500株/hm 2(D 2),共SD 1、SD 2、PD 1、PD 24个处理,分析其对玉米生长发育及产量的影响。结果表明:深施处理(S)较普通处理(P)玉米产量增加20.3%,单位面积粒数高26.0%,千粒重差异不显著,空秆率低1.7%,灌浆中期与成熟期叶面积指数显著高于普通施肥处理。高密度(D 2)处理较低密度(D 1)处理产量提高11.4%,空秆率增加2.4%,千粒重与收获指数差异不显著。由此可见,辽东地区肥料深施能够缓解增加密度后植株后期叶面积指数下降,有效增加群体的光合效率和功能期,促进单位面积粒数和干物质积累,降低空秆率,从而提高玉米产量。To understand the effects of fertilizer deep application on maize growth and yield,field experiments were conducted.Maize hybrid DanYu 801 was planted with density D 1(37500 plant/hm 2)and D 2(52500 plant/hm 2)in normal and deep fertilizer application respectively.Leaf area index,dry matter accumulation and yield of maize was analyzed.The results showed that the yield of deep application treatment was 20.3%higher in grain yield,26.0%higher in grain number per ha,1.7%lower in the ratio of plant without ear than those of common fertilizer application treatment.Deep fertilizer application treatment with slowly leaf area index decline speed at late of grain-filling period,compared with the treatment of common fertilizer application.High plant density treatment(D 2-52500 plant/hm 2)was 11.4%higher in grain yield,2.4 higher in the ratio of plant without ear than those of the low plant density treatment(D 1-37500 plant/hm 2).There were no significant different in harvest index and 1000-kernels weight between the treatment of high plant density(D 2)and low plant density(D 1).It can be induced that deep fertilizer application in eastern Liaoning has effectively delayed the leaf area index declined at the late of maize growing stage,prolong the leaf Photosynthesis,ultimately improved the grain number and yield.

关 键 词：玉米 产量 肥料深施 密度 干物质积累 

分 类 号：S513.062[农业科学—作物学]