六斑刺鲀仔稚鱼发育过程中消化酶和非特异性免疫因子的活性变化  

Activities of digestive enzymes and non-specific immune indicators in Diodon holocanthus during larval and juvenile stages

作　　者：苏志星 岳彦峰[1] 施兆鸿[1] 彭士明[1] 夏连军[1] SU Zhixing;YUE Yanfeng;SHI Zhaohong;PENG Shiming;XIA Lianjun(Key Laboratory of East China Sea & Oceanic Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agricultureand Rural Affairs, East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Shanghai 200090, China)

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所,农业农村部东海与远洋渔业资源开发利用重点实验室,上海200090

出　　处：《海洋渔业》2021年第1期61-70,共10页Marine Fisheries

基　　金：中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费(2189-2018)。

摘　　要：为解决六斑刺鲀(Diodon holocanthus)初孵仔鱼高死亡率问题,研究了六斑刺鲀从初孵仔鱼到稚鱼(0~40 d)消化酶活性和非特异性免疫指标的变化。结果显示:六斑刺鲀仔稚鱼全长与日龄呈指数相关。初孵仔鱼体内就可检测到淀粉酶、胃蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶和脂肪酶活性。在整个实验周期内,淀粉酶和胰蛋白酶活性呈现先上升后下降再上升的变化趋势,淀粉酶活性在20 d时达到最高,胰蛋白酶活性在10 d时达到最高,两者整体酶活随日龄都有所增加且胰蛋白酶增加更为明显;脂肪酶活性呈现先下降后上升再下降的变化趋势,1~5 d时酶活性快速降低,5~10 d时又显著升高,15~20 d时又迅速降低并维持在较低水平;胃蛋白酶在1~15 d时活性逐渐上升并在15 d时达到最高,之后缓慢下降并维持低值。溶菌酶(LZM)和免疫球蛋白M(IgM)活性都呈现先上升后下降的变化趋势;IgM活性在10 d时达到最高,LZM活性在5 d时最高,之后两者都波动地缓慢下降并最终维持在较低值。以上结果表明:尚未摄食的六斑刺鲀初孵仔鱼体内已存在各种消化酶,仔稚鱼消化酶活性变化与其发育阶段和饵料种类密切相关。非特异性免疫指标在六斑刺鲀仔稚鱼由内源性营养向外源性营养转变的混合营养期显著上升,之后缓慢下降到较低水平,说明营养转变过程对仔稚鱼的免疫功能影响较大,非特异性免疫指标的升高增强了仔稚鱼的抗病能力,提高了养殖成活率。In order to solve the problem of high mortality rate of longspined porcupinefish Diodon holocanthus larvae and juveniles,the changes in digestive enzyme activities and non-specific immune indexes from the newly-hatched larvae to juveniles(0-40 d)were studied.The relationship between total length and daily age of Diodon holocanthus larvae and juveniles could be fixed to the exponential functions.The activities of amylase,pepsin,trypsin,and lipase were identified in the newly-hatched larvae.During the whole experiment period,the amylase and trypsin activities showed a trend of increasing initially,followed by a decreasing,but then increased again(with the increased daily age),in which amylase activity reached the maximum at 20 d,trypsin activity reached the peak at 5 d,the overall activity of both increased with the daily age but the trypsin activity increased more obviously.Lipase activity decreased rapidly initially(1-5 d),followed by an significant increase(5-10 d),but then decreased drastically again(15-20 d)and maintained at a low level.The activity of pepsin increased gradually from 1 d to 15 d and reached the maximum at 15 d,after which it slowly reduced to the minimum.The activity of lysozyme(LZM)and immunoglobulin M(IgM)showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing,in which immunoglobulin M activity reached the maximum at 10 d,while lysozyme reached the maximum at 5 d,and after that both decreased slowly and fluctuated and eventually remained at a low level.The above results indicated that the changes of digestive enzyme activities in the larvae and juveniles of Diodon holocanthus were closely related to their developmental stages and food types,and various digestive enzyme activities existed in newly-hatched larvae that had not yet eaten food.The non-specific immune indicators increased significantly during the mixed nutrition period when the larvae and juveniles of Diodon holocanthus transitioned from endogenous nutrition to exogenous nutrition,and then decreased slowly to a lower level,indicati

关 键 词：六斑刺鲀 仔稚鱼 消化酶 非特异性免疫 

分 类 号：Q954.6[生物学—动物学]