黄海中国对虾环境DNA(eDNA)的垂直分布规律及其影响因素初探  

A Preliminary Study on the Vertical Distribution of Fenneropenaeus chinensis Environmental DNA in the Yellow Sea and Its Influencing Factors

作　　者：钱瑭毅 王伟继[2,3] 李苗 单秀娟 金显仕[2,3] QIAN Tangyi;WANG Weiji;LI Miao;SHAN Xiujuan;JIN Xianshi(College of Fisheries and Life Science,Dalian Ocean University,Dalian 116036;Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fishery Resources and Eco-Environment,Qingdao 266071;Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes,Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology(Qingdao),Qingdao 266071)

机构地区：[1]大连海洋大学水产与生命学院,大连116036 [2]中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所农业农村部海洋渔业可持续发展重点实验室山东省渔业资源与生态环境重点实验室,青岛266071 [3]青岛海洋科学与技术试点国家实验室海洋渔业科学与食物产出过程功能实验室,青岛266071

出　　处：《渔业科学进展》2021年第2期1-9,共9页Progress in Fishery Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31872692);国家重点研发计划(2017YFE0104400);山东省支持青岛海洋科学与技术试点国家实验室重大科技专项(2018SDKJ0501-1);山东省泰山学者专项基金项目;中国水产科学研究院基本科研业务费(2019GH16)共同资助。

摘　　要：准确掌握物种分布和种群动态是渔业资源评估的基础。然而,对某些种群规模小或生活史复杂的物种进行监测的难度很大。近年来,环境DNA技术快速兴起,已被广泛应用于各类物种监测、生物多样性评估和生物量评价等领域。为了解冬季中国对虾(Fenneropenaeus chinensis)越冬洄游过程中的分布情况,2019年12月在黄海中南部采集表、中、底3个水层水样,检测其中中国对虾的eDNA,并对表层沉积物进行室内实验。结果显示,中国对虾eDNA在自然水体中呈现特殊的垂直分布规律:底层浓度高,表层浓度低,这一规律与中国对虾生活习性相关;表层沉积物会在外力作用下再悬浮,并向周围释放eDNA,对水体造成较大程度影响,本研究将采集到的表层沉积物分为3个实验组,3个实验组最大释放量分别为1624.06、3453.34和1143.24 copies/L,沉积物对水体的影响持续1周左右。Accurate knowledge of species distributions and population dynamics is the basis for fishery resource assessments. However, it is difficult to monitor certain species with small populations or complex life histories. Recently, as a new monitoring technology, environmental DNA(eDNA) has been widely used in species monitoring, biodiversity assessments, and biomass assessments. In this study, eDNA technology was employed to understand the distribution of Chinese shrimp during its winter migration. In December 2019, we collected water samples from three water layers in the south-central Yellow Sea to test the eDNA of Chinese shrimp Fenneropenaeus chinensis. In addition, laboratory experiments were carried out on the surficial sediments of the seabed. First, it was found that the eDNA of Chinese shrimp exhibited a specific vertical distribution in the natural water, which was characterized by a high concentration in the bottom layer and low concentration in the surface layer. This distribution is related to the life habits of Chinese shrimp. Second, the surficial sediments would re-suspend and release eDNA to the surrounding areas under the action of external forces, causing a large impact on the water. In this study, the surficial sediments were divided into three experimental groups. The maximum amounts of eDNA released by the three experimental groups were 1624.06, 3453.34, and 1143.24 copies/L, the effects of which lasted for approximately a week. It is hoped that this study will assist with the eDNA sampling design in the future.

关 键 词：环境DNA 中国对虾 分布规律 表层沉积物 生物量评估 

分 类 号：S932.5+1[农业科学—渔业资源]