济源太行山猕猴种群数量和保护现状  

Jiyuan Taihang Mountain Macaque Population and Conservation Status

作　　者：付文 任宝平[2] 林建忠 栾科 王朋程 王宾 黎大勇[1] 周岐海[3,4] FU Wen;REN Baoping;LIN Jianzhong;LUAN Ke;WANG Pengcheng;WANG Bing;LI Dayong;ZHOU Qihai(College of Life Sciences,West China Normal University,Nanchong Sichuan 637009,China;Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology,Institute of Zoology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China;Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection(Guangxi Normal University),Ministry of Education,Guilin Guangxi 541006,China;Guangxi Key Laboratory of Rare and Endangered Animal Ecology(Guangxi Normal University),Guilin Guangxi 541006,China;National Yugong Foresty of Jiyuan City,Jiyuan Henan 454650,China)

机构地区：[1]西华师范大学生命科学学院,四川南充637009 [2]中国科学院动物研究所动物生态与保护生物学重点实验室,北京100101 [3]珍稀濒危动植物生态与环境保护教育部重点实验室(广西师范大学),广西桂林541006 [4]广西珍稀濒危动物生态重点实验室(广西师范大学),广西桂林541006 [5]国有济源市愚公林场,河南济源454650

出　　处：《广西师范大学学报（自然科学版）》2021年第1期45-52,共8页Journal of Guangxi Normal University:Natural Science Edition

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31670400);河南南太行山水林男湖草生态保护修复试点工程(济源项目)(JGZJ-2019125);西华师范大学英才科研基金(17YC333)。

摘　　要：太行山猕猴Macaca mulatta tcheliensis为我国特有的猕猴亚种,也是我国灵长类动物中分布纬度最高的物种,仅分布于河南与山西两省交界的太行山与中条山南端地区。2019年7月至2020年4月,为了掌握保护区内猕猴的种群现状和威胁因素,采用文献资料查阅、访问调查和样线调查相结合的方式对河南太行山猕猴国家级自然保护区内太行山猕猴的种群数量、分布以及种群结构进行调查。调查结果显示:太行山猕猴自然保护区内分布有21群猕猴,种群数量为1680~1820只,另有1群确定分布但个体数量不明;平均猴群大小为83±23.9只,主要集中在黄楝树、九里沟、天坛山、五龙口4个林区内;猴群的年龄组成中,成年个体占45.5%,亚成体占12.8%,青少年个体(1~3岁)占24.9%,婴幼猴(0~1岁)占16.8%。研究结果表明,近10余年来太行山猕猴的数量和分布有所增长,栖息地破碎化、较为频繁的人为干扰是太行山猕猴目前面临的主要威胁因素。The Taihang Mountain Macaque(Macaca mulatta tcheliensis)is a distinctive subspecies with the highest latitude distribution among primates in China,which distributed in the southern of Taihang Mountain and Zhongtiao Mountain at the border of Henan Province and Shanxi Province.From July 2019 to April 2020,the number,distribution and population structure of M.m.tcheliensis in the Taihang Mountain Macaque National Nature Reserve in Henan were investigated via the combination of literature review,interview survey and sample survey in order to grasp the current status of macaque populations in the reserve.The research results show that there are 21 groups of macaques in the Taihang Mountain Macaque Nature Reserve,with a population of 1680-1820,and another group with a definite distribution but an unknown number of individuals.The average group size is 83±23.9,which is mainly concentrated in the four forest areas of Neem tree,Jiuligou,Tiantan Mountain and Wulongkou.At the same time,the age composition of the monkey group was counted,of which adult individuals accounted for 45.5%,sub-adults 12.8%,adolescent individuals 24.9%,and infant monkeys 16.8%.The number and distribution of macaques in Taihang Mountain have increased over the past decade.Fragmentation of the habitat and frequent human disturbance are the main threats to this species in Taihang Mountain.

关 键 词：太行山猕猴 种群数量 分布 栖息地破碎化 威胁因素 

分 类 号：Q958.1[生物学—动物学]