不同施肥处理枸杞园氨挥发损失及其影响因素研究  

Study on the ammonia volatilization loss and its influencing factors in wolfberry orchard under the different fertilization treatments

作　　者：张莹[1] 卢九斤 华明秀 魏娇娇 聂易丰 谢守忠 盛海彦[1] ZHANG Ying;LU Jiujin;HUA Mingxiu;WEI Jiaojiao;NIE Yifeng;XIE Shouzhong;SHENG Haiyan(Qinghai University,Xining 810016,China;Qinghai Nuomuhong Farm,Dulan 816100,China)

机构地区：[1]青海大学,青海西宁810016 [2]青海省诺木洪农场,青海都兰816100

出　　处：《青海大学学报》2021年第1期44-51,共8页Journal of Qinghai University

基　　金：青海省科学技术厅项目(2018-ZJ-766)。

摘　　要：为探究不同施肥处理对柴达木地区枸杞园土壤氨挥发的影响,选取10年生宁杞1号为研究对象,在枸杞一个生长季,设置10个处理,除不施肥的CK处理外,其他处理施用相同的商品有机肥和重过磷酸钙,N_(667)~N_(0)处理依次施氮667、534、400、267、133、0 kg/hm^(2),N_(400) NI_(2.00)、N_(267) NI_(1.34)、N_(133) NI_(0.67)处理在N_(400)、N_(267)、N_(133)的基础上配施纯氮0.5%的硝化抑制剂(Nitrapyrin)。结果表明:两次施肥后氨挥发速率均有所升高,随后下降并趋于平缓;氨挥发累积量随施氮量的增加而升高。在枸杞的一个生长季,N_(667)处理的氨挥发累积量最高为0.3449 kg/hm^(2),N_(400) NI_(2.00)与N_(400)、N_(267) NI_(1.34)与N_(267)、N_(133) NI_(0.67)与N_(133)处理的氨挥发累积量无显著差异;N_(400) NI_(2.00)处理的产量最高,为7867 kg/hm^(2),较N 667、N_(400)处理分别增加9.26%、5.78%,且氨挥发净损失率最小;在施基肥后的30 d和80 d,0~20 cm及20~40 cm土层中施氮处理铵态氮累积量均高于不施氮处理,且施用Nitrapyrin的N_(400)NI_(2.00)~N_(133)NI_(0.67)处理的铵态氮累积量显著高于不施用Nitrapyrin的N_(400)~N_(133)处理(P<0.05)。因此,柴达木枸杞园适宜枸杞施肥方案为267~400 kg/hm^(2)施氮量,且配施1.34~2.00 kg/hm^(2) Nitrapyrin可兼顾经济和生态效益。In order to explore the effects of different fertilization treatments on the ammonia volatilization in wolfberry orchard in Qaidam area,the 10-year-old Ningqi No.1 is selected as the research object in this study and 10 treatments are set up in the annual growth period of wolfberry.Except CK treatment without fertilization,other treatments are applied with the same commercial organic fertili-zer and treble superphosphate,and the treatments of N_(667)-N_(0) are applied with nitrogen 667,534,400,267,133 and 0 kg/hm^(2) in turn.Besides,the treatments of N_(400) NI_(2.00)、N_(267) NI _(1.34)、N_(133) NI 0.67 are applied with Nitrapyrin with 0.5%pure nitrogen on the basis of N_(400)、N_(267)、N_(133).The results show that the rate of ammonia volatilization increases after two times of fertilization,then decreases and tends to be;the accumulation of ammonia volatilization increases with the increase of nitrogen application rate.In one growing season of wolfberry,the highest accumulation of ammonia volatilization of N_(667) treatment is 0.3449 kg/hm^(2).There is no significant difference between N_(400) NI_(2.00) and N_(400),N_(267) NI_(1.34) and N_(267),N_(133) NI _(0.67) and N_(133);the yield of N_(400) NI_(2.00) treatment is the highest with a value of 7867 kg/hm^(2),which increases by 9.26%and 5.78%respectively compared with N_(667) and N_(400) with the lowest net loss rate of ammonia volatilization.At 30 days and 80 days after base fertilizer application,the accumulation of ammonium nitrogen in 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm soil layers is higher than that of non-nitrogen treatment,and the accumulation of ammonium nitrogen in N_(400) NI_(2.00)-N_(133) NI 0.67 treatment with Nitrapyrin is significantly higher than that of N_(400)-N_(133) treatment without Nitrapyrin.The results show that the suitable fertilization scheme of wolfberry orchard in Qaidam area is 267-400 kg/hm^(2) of Nitrogen and 1.34-2.00 kg/hm^(2) of Nitrapyrin,which can take into account the economic and ecological benefits.

关 键 词：枸杞 施氮量 氨挥发 NITRAPYRIN 柴达木地区 

分 类 号：S151.9[农业科学—土壤学] S567.19[农业科学—农业基础科学]