中外火电节能减排效率分析与比较  

Analysis and comparison of energy saving efficiency and emission reduction efficiency of thermal power between China and foreign countries

作　　者：刘志强[1,2] 赵毅[1] 潘荔[2] LIU Zhiqiang;ZHAO Yi;PAN Li(College of Environmental Science and Engineering,North China Electric Power University,Beijing 102206,China;China Electricity Council,Beijing 100761,China)

机构地区：[1]华北电力大学环境科学与工程学院,北京102206 [2]中国电力企业联合会,北京100761

出　　处：《热力发电》2021年第3期9-18,共10页Thermal Power Generation

基　　金：中国电力企业联合会2020年研究课题。

摘　　要：本文对中国、日本、德国、美国、韩国以及经济合作与发展组织的电力发展情况进行了总结分析,并依据各国电力发展状况及构成对发电热效率、碳排放强度、污染物排放强度进行了比较及分析。结果表明:我国煤电热效率已经达到世界先进水平,与日本相当,高于其他国家;气电、供热已经成为影响火电热效率的重要因素;我国煤电碳排放强度低于日本、德国等发达国家;由于气电比重较低,我国火电碳排放强度、发电碳排放强度均高于其他国家;我国火电大气污染物排放强度、单位国土面积电力污染物排放强度低于其他国家,但总体空气环境质量不及其他国家。下一阶段我国应继续提高气电比重,加大现有火电的供热比重和节能改造力度,持续提高热效率;重点发展低碳发电技术与可再生能源发电技术是应对碳约束的主要手段;应重点关注非电行业污染物排放情况。The power industry development of China,Japan,Germany,the United States,South Korea and OECD was summarized in this paper.Moreover,the power generation efficiency,carbon emission and pollutant emission intensity were compared according to the power development status and composition of power generation modes in these countries.The results show that,China’s coal-fired power generation efficiency has reached advanced level in the world,which is equivalent to Japan,higher than other countries.The gas power and heating has become the important factors affecting the thermal efficiency of thermal power plants.The carbon emission intensity of coalfired power in China is lower than that of developed countries such as Japan and Germany.Due to the low proportion of gas power,the carbon emission intensity of thermal power and power generation in China is higher than that of other countries.The emission intensity of air pollutants from thermal power plants in China is lower than that of other countries,and the emission intensity of electric pollutants from unit land area of other countries is higher than that of China,but the air environment quality is much better than that of China.In the next stage,China should continue to increase the proportion of gas power,increase the heating proportion of existing thermal power and energy-saving renovation efforts,for improving the thermal efficiency.Developing low carbon power generation technology and renewable energy technology are the main means to deal with carbon constraint.More attentions should be paid to the emission of pollutants from other industries.

关 键 词：火电 煤电 气电 热效率 碳排放强度 污染物排放强度 

分 类 号：TK05[动力工程及工程热物理]